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arXiv 2109.01679astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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高红移类星体及其宿主星系II:多相气体和恒星运动学

High-redshift quasars and their host galaxies II: multiphase gas and stellar kinematics

Alessandro Lupi, Marta Volonteri, Roberto Decarli, Stefano Bovino, Joseph Silk

摘要:

对$z \gtrsim 6$类星体的观测提供了大质量黑洞和星系早期阶段的信息。目前在亚毫米波长的观测跟踪冷和暖气体,未来的观测将扩展到其他气体相和恒星属性的信息。本研究的目的是研究$z \gtrsim 6$类星体中的气体生命周期:从晕到星系,一直到MBH的吸积,以及恒星形成和MBH本身如何影响气体性质。利用高分辨率的宇宙学放大模拟方法,对$z=7$类星体的非平衡化学、MBH的形成、生长和反馈过程进行了模拟,研究了不同气相在星际介质中的分布.我们评估的形态演化的类星体主机使用不同的示踪剂(星或气体为基础的)和热力学分布的MBH吸积驱动的流出,发现在光盘中的遮蔽主要是由于分子气体,与原子组分贡献在更大的尺度和/或以上/以下的盘平面。此外,我们的研究结果还表明,分子外流,如果存在的话,更有可能是由于气体被提升附近的MBH比生产风,因为热不稳定性。最后,我们还讨论了如何不同的气相可以采用动态约束的MBH质量,并认为,分辨率低于$\sim 100$ PC产生不可靠的估计,因为强大的贡献的核恒星成分的潜力在更大的尺度。

英文摘要:

Observations of $z \gtrsim 6$ quasars provide information on the early phases of the most massive black holes (MBHs) and galaxies. Current observations at sub-mm wavelengths trace cold and warm gas, and future observations will extend information to other gas phases and the stellar properties. The goal of this study is to examine the gas life cycle in a $z \gtrsim 6$ quasar: from accretion from the halo to the galaxy and all the way into the MBH, to how star formation and the MBH itself affect the gas properties. Using a very-high resolution cosmological zoom-in simulation of a $z=7$ quasar including state-of-the-art non-equilibrium chemistry, MBH formation, growth and feedback, we investigate the distribution of the different gas phases in the interstellar medium across cosmic time. We assess the morphological evolution of the quasar host using different tracers (star- or gas-based) and the thermodynamic distribution of the MBH accretion-driven outflows, finding that obscuration in the disc is mainly due to molecular gas, with the atomic component contributing at larger scales and/or above/below the disc plane. Moreover, our results also show that molecular outflows, if present, are more likely the result of gas being lifted near the MBH than production within the wind because of thermal instabilities. Finally, we also discuss how different gas phases can be employed to dynamically constrain the MBH mass, and argue that resolutions below $\sim 100$ pc yield unreliable estimates because of the strong contribution of the nuclear stellar component to the potential at larger scales.

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