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arXiv 2108.05896hep-thhep-ph
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引力因果性与光子的自应力

Gravitational Causality and the Self-Stress of Photons

Brando Bellazzini, Giulia Isabella, Matthew Lewandowski, Francesco Sgarlata

摘要:

我们研究超越经典极限的引力系统中的因果关系。利用在壳层方法,我们考虑从带电粒子到光子能量动量张量-自应力-的单圈修正,该自应力控制两个在壳层光子和一个离壳层引力子之间的量子相互作用。在程函体系中,自应力又决定了光子对任何自旋的旁观粒子散射的相移和时间延迟。我们表明,与运行规范耦合的$β$ -函数的符号与小碰撞参量下的时间延迟的符号有关。我们的研究结果表明,在第一次后闵可夫斯基秩序,渐近因果关系,其中的任何粒子所经历的时间延迟必须是积极的,是尊重量子力学。在渐近因果关系的基础上,我们探索了一种局部的因果关系,其中的时间延迟比引力子的时间延迟长,这似乎被量子效应所违背。

英文摘要:

We study causality in gravitational systems beyond the classical limit. Using on-shell methods, we consider the one-loop corrections from charged particles to the photon energy-momentum tensor - the self-stress - that controls the quantum interaction between two on-shell photons and one off-shell graviton. The self-stress determines in turn the phase shift and time delay in the scattering of photons against a spectator particle of any spin in the eikonal regime. We show that the sign of the $β$-function associated to the running gauge coupling is related to the sign of time delay at small impact parameter. Our results show that, at first post-Minkowskian order, asymptotic causality, where the time delay experienced by any particle must be positive, is respected quantum mechanically. Contrasted with asymptotic causality, we explore a local notion of causality, where the time delay is longer than the one of gravitons, which is seemingly violated by quantum effects.

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