因果性、可重整性与超高能引力散射
Causality, Renormalizability and Ultra-High Energy Gravitational Scattering
摘要：
在Aichelburg-Sexl引力冲击波背景下，考虑超高能散射波的传播，可以在主导程函近似下得到超高能散射波的振幅A（s，t）。在描述散射粒子的QFT中的循环校正被编码为低于普朗克尺度的能量，在有效作用中通常表现出违反因果关系和夏皮罗时间的进展。本文利用Penrose极限方法计算了具有不同可重正化性质的d维标量QFT的散射相移Theta_scat（hat_s），其中单变量hat_s = Gs/m^2 b^（d-2）包含CM能量s和碰撞参量b.我们评估的高能量极限的Theta_scat（帽子_s），并详细说明因果关系是如何相关的存在一个定义良好的UV完成。简要讨论了与引力子散射的相似性以及弦论对有效作用量中因果性破坏的相应解决。
英文摘要：
The amplitude A(s,t) for ultra-high energy scattering can be found in the leading eikonal approximation by considering propagation in an Aichelburg-Sexl gravitational shockwave background. Loop corrections in the QFT describing the scattered particles are encoded for energies below the Planck scale in an effective action which in general exhibits causality violation and Shapiro time advances. In this paper, we use Penrose limit techniques to calculate the full energy dependence of the scattering phase shift Theta_scat(hat_s},, where the single variable hat_s = Gs/m^2 b^(d-2) contains both the CM energy s and impact parameter b, for a range of scalar QFTs in d dimensions with different renormalizability properties. We evaluate the high-energy limit of Theta_scat(hat_s) and show in detail how causality is related to the existence of a well-defined UV completion. Similarities with graviton scattering and the corresponding resolution of causality violation in the effective action by string theory are briefly discussed.
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