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arXiv 2108.05752quant-ph
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用两个可观测量确定所有未知纯量子态

Determination of All Unknown Pure Quantum States with Two Observables

Yu Wang

AI总结:

本文研究用两个可观测量确定纯量子态的问题,证明两个正交基可将候选态限制到最多 2^{d-1} 个,并提出在中间自适应加入 POVM 后,几乎所有纯 qudit 都能被唯一确定。

摘要:

利用主系统上最少的可观测量从纯量子态中高效提取信息,是量子信息理论中一个长期存在的基本问题。尽管位置和动量的概率分布无法唯一确定波函数,Peres 曾猜想一个离散版本:两个互补可观测量(类似于位置和动量,并实现为对正交基的投影测量)可以将所有纯 qudit 确定到有限个模糊候选之内。后续研究发现,即使忽略一个测度为零的集合,任意两个正交基也无法唯一确定 d 维纯态;Peres 猜想在 d=3 时成立,但在 d=4 时不成立。在本研究中,我们证明两个正交基能够在忽略一个测度为零的集合的情况下,有效地筛选出最多 2^{d-1} 个有限候选,且基的系数不涉及复数。此外,受顺序测量直接计算波函数目标系数的启发,我们证明通过自适应地在中间加入一个 POVM,再测量互补可观测量,几乎所有纯 qudit 都可以被唯一确定。

英文摘要:

Efficiently extracting information from pure quantum states using minimal observables on the main system is a longstanding and fundamental issue in quantum information theory. Despite the inability of probability distributions of position and momentum to uniquely specify a wavefunction, Peres conjectured a discrete version wherein two complementary observables, analogous to position and momentum and realized as projective measurements onto orthogonal bases, can determine all pure qudits up to a finite set of ambiguities. Subsequent findings revealed the impossibility of uniquely determining $d$-dimenisonal pure states even when neglecting a measure-zero set with any two orthogonal bases, and Peres's conjecture is also correct for $d=3$ but not for $d=4$. In this study, we show that two orthogonal bases are capable of effectively filtering up to $2^{d-1}$ finite candidates by disregarding a measure-zero set, without involving complex numbers in the bases' coefficients. Additionally, drawing inspiration from sequential measurements to directly calculate the target coefficients of the wavefunction using two complementary observables, we show that almost all pure qudits can be uniquely determined by adaptively incorporating a POVM in the middle, followed by measuring the complementary observable.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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