arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2108.03201astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMstat.AP
收藏

小行星撞击监测和危险评估的新方法

A novel approach to asteroid impact monitoring and hazard assessment

Javier Roa, Davide Farnocchia, Steven R. Chesley

摘要:

轨道确定程序通过最小化拟合残差的RMS来找到最适合一组观测的轨道解。对于近地小行星,轨道解的不确定性可能与撞击地球的轨道相一致。本文展示了如何将影响条件作为观测的轨道确定过程中的结果在一个强大的技术,找到参数空间中的区域,导致影响。撞击伪观测残差是近距离接近时的b平面坐标,不确定性设定为地球半径的一小部分。扩展的轨道确定过滤器自然收敛到一个影响的解决方案,如果允许的观测。由此产生的轨道的不确定性为虚拟撞击物提供了极好的几何表示。因此,可以有效地估计的影响概率,通过探索该区域在参数空间中使用重要性抽样。所提出的技术可以系统地处理大量的估计参数,占非引力,处理非线性,并纠正非高斯初始不确定性分布。该算法已在JPL的一个名为Sentry-II的新撞击监测系统中实现,该系统正在进行广泛的测试。Sentry-II相对于喷气推进实验室目前运行的撞击监测系统Sentry的主要优点是,Sentry-II可以系统地处理由非重力力扰动的轨道,并且在处理病理情况时通常更强大。两个系统的运行时间和完整性相当,Sentry-II在99%完整性下的影响概率为$3\times10^{-7}$。

英文摘要:

Orbit-determination programs find the orbit solution that best fits a set of observations by minimizing the RMS of the residuals of the fit. For near-Earth asteroids, the uncertainty of the orbit solution may be compatible with trajectories that impact Earth. This paper shows how incorporating the impact condition as an observation in the orbit-determination process results in a robust technique for finding the regions in parameter space leading to impacts. The impact pseudo-observation residuals are the b-plane coordinates at the time of close approach and the uncertainty is set to a fraction of the Earth radius. The extended orbit-determination filter converges naturally to an impacting solution if allowed by the observations. The uncertainty of the resulting orbit provides an excellent geometric representation of the virtual impactor. As a result, the impact probability can be efficiently estimated by exploring this region in parameter space using importance sampling. The proposed technique can systematically handle a large number of estimated parameters, account for nongravitational forces, deal with nonlinearities, and correct for non-Gaussian initial uncertainty distributions. The algorithm has been implemented into a new impact monitoring system at JPL called Sentry-II, which is undergoing extensive testing. The main advantages of Sentry-II over JPL's currently operating impact monitoring system Sentry are that Sentry-II can systematically process orbits perturbed by nongravitational forces and that it is generally more robust when dealing with pathological cases. The runtimes and completeness of both systems are comparable, with the impact probability of Sentry-II for 99% completeness being $3\times10^{-7}$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑