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arXiv 2108.01189physics.flu-dyn
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表面重力波湍流的数值研究

Numerical investigation of turbulence of surface gravity waves

Zhou Zhang, Yulin Pan

AI总结:

本文数值研究表面重力波湍流,发现高非线性时谱符合WTT,低非线性时变陡,窄带强迫偏离最快,归因于有限尺寸效应和束缚波比例变化。

摘要:

本文在自由表面欧拉方程框架下,对表面重力波的波湍流进行了数值研究。目的是理解在不同非线性水平以及不同强迫/自由衰减条件下,谱的标度随波数$k$和能量通量$P$的变化。对于我们所考虑的所有条件(自由衰减、窄带和宽带强迫),我们发现,在高非线性水平下,谱形式趋近于波湍流理论(WTT)解$S_\eta\sim k^{-5/2}$和$S_\eta\sim P^{1/3}$。随着非线性水平的降低,所有情况下的谱都变得更陡,其中窄带强迫情况表现出对WTT最快的偏离。为了解释这些谱变化,我们进一步研究了关于束缚波和有限尺寸效应的两个假设性且有争议的机制。通过三阶相干分析,我们发现有限尺寸效应在所有情况下都存在,这导致了谱的整体变陡以及较低非线性水平下能量通量能力的降低。域中束缚波的比例通常随非线性水平的降低而减少,但窄带情况除外,它在某个临界非线性水平处表现出转变,低于该水平时观察到快速增加。这种增加是窄带强迫情况下随着非线性降低而最快偏离WTT的主要原因。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we numerically study the wave turbulence of surface gravity waves in the framework of Euler equations of the free surface. The purpose is to understand the variation of the scaling of the spectra with wavenumber $k$ and energy flux $P$ at different nonlinearity levels under different forcing/free-decay conditions. For all conditions (free decay, narrow- and broadband forcing) we consider, we find that the spectral forms approach wave turbulence theory (WTT) solution $S_η\sim k^{-5/2}$ and $S_η\sim P^{1/3}$ at high nonlinearity levels. With the decrease of nonlinearity level, the spectra for all cases become steeper, with the narrow-band forcing case exhibiting the most rapid deviation from WTT. To interpret these spectral variations, we further investigate two hypothetical and disputable mechanisms about bound waves and finite-size effect. Through a tri-coherence analysis, we find that the finite-size effect is present in all cases, which is responsible for the overall steepening of the spectra and reduced capacity of energy flux at lower nonlinearity levels. The fraction of bound waves in the domain generally decreases with the decrease of nonlinearity level, except for the narrow-band case, which exhibits a transition at some critical nonlinearity level below which a rapid increase is observed. This increase serves as the main reason for the fastest deviation from WTT with the decrease of nonlinearity in the narrow-band forcing case.

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