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arXiv 2107.13652astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR
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地球-太阳系统的透射光谱学为寻找太阳系外生命提供信息

Transmission Spectroscopy of the Earth-Sun System to Inform the Search for Extrasolar Life

L. C. Mayorga, J. Lustig-Yaeger, E. M. May, Kristin S. Sotzen, Junellie Gonzalez-Quiles, Brian M. Kilpatrick, Emily C. Martin, Kathleen Mandt, K. B. Stevenson, N. R. Izenberg

摘要:

即将到来的美国宇航局天体物理学任务,如詹姆斯韦伯太空望远镜,将在附近恒星过境的行星上寻找生命迹象。这样做将需要共同添加数十个透射光谱,以建立足够的信噪比,同时考虑具有挑战性的系统效应,如表面/天气变化,大气折射和恒星活动。为了确定恒星和行星变化对测量的透射光谱的大小和影响,我们必须评估在其宿主恒星周围堆叠多个系外地球透射光谱的可行性。利用我们自己的太阳系,我们可以确定目前的方法是否足以检测地球大气中的生命迹象,并测量可居住性指标的丰度,如H2O和CO2,以及生物特征对,如O2和CH 4。我们评估了太阳和行星变化对地球穿越太阳的传输光谱的影响,并确定了剩余的未知数,以了解系外行星的传输光谱。我们的结论是,一个卫星观测地球凌日从超越L2是必要的,以解决这些长期关注的可靠性共同添加行星光谱在紫外线,光学和红外波长从多个过境面对相对较大的天体物理系统。

英文摘要:

Upcoming NASA astrophysics missions such as the James Webb Space Telescope will search for signs of life on planets transiting nearby stars. Doing so will require co-adding dozens of transmission spectra to build up sufficient signal to noise while simultaneously accounting for challenging systematic effects such as surface/weather variability, atmospheric refraction, and stellar activity. To determine the magnitude and impacts of both stellar and planet variability on measured transmission spectra, we must assess the feasibility of stacking multiple transmission spectra of exo-Earths around their host stars. Using our own solar system, we can determine if current methodologies are sufficient to detect signs of life in Earth's atmosphere and measure the abundance of habitability indicators, such as H2O and CO2, and biosignature pairs, such as O2 and CH4. We assess the impact on transmission spectra of Earth transiting across the Sun from solar and planetary variability and identify remaining unknowns for understanding exoplanet transmission spectra. We conclude that a satellite observing Earth transits across the Sun from beyond L2 is necessary to address these long-standing concerns about the reliability of co-adding planet spectra at UV, optical, and infrared wavelengths from multiple transits in the face of relatively large astrophysical systematics.

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