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arXiv 1001.3577astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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太阳系外行星的物理性质

The physical properties of extrasolar planets

I. Baraffe, G. Chabrier, T. Barman

摘要:

自从1995年发现一颗木星绕着邻近的类日恒星飞马座51运行以来,太阳系外行星科学已经取得了巨大的进展。理论模型现在已经足够成熟,可以预测这些新世界的特性,质量,半径,大气特征,并且可以与现有的观测结果进行比较。我们回顾了我们目前的知识的系外行星的物理性质,内部结构和组成,大气特征,包括预期的生物特征的系外行星,演化,潮汐相互作用和恒星辐射对这些属性的短周期行星的影响。我们讨论了该领域的最新理论成果和仍然悬而未决的问题。我们批判性地分析了不同的解决方案,建议解释异常大半径的一个显着的一部分过境系外行星。特别注意的是最近发现的过境对象之间的大质量行星和低质量的褐矮星的重叠质量范围,强调这些机构的模糊性,我们讨论了可能的可观察到的诊断,以确定这两个不同的人口。我们还回顾了我们目前对行星形成的理解,并严格审查了不同的建议形成机制。我们希望本综述提供基本的理论背景,捕捉系外行星的形成,结构和演化的物理本质,以及相关的可观察到的签名。

英文摘要:

Tremendous progress in the science of extrasolar planets has been achieved since the discovery of a Jupiter orbiting the nearby Sun-like star 51 Pegasi in 1995. Theoretical models have now reached enough maturity to predict the characteristic properties of these new worlds, mass, radius, atmospheric signatures, and can be confronted with available observations. We review our current knowledge of the physical properties of exoplanets, internal structure and composition, atmospheric signatures, including expected biosignatures for exo-Earth planets, evolution, and the impact of tidal interaction and stellar irradiation on these properties for the short-period planets. We discuss the most recent theoretical achievements in the field and the still pending questions. We critically analyse the different solutions suggested to explain abnormally large radii of a significant fraction of transiting exoplanets. Special attention is devoted to the recently discovered transiting objects in the overlapping mass range between massive planets and low-mass brown dwarfs, stressing the ambiguous nature of these bodies, and we discuss the possible observable diagnostics to identify these two distinct populations. We also review our present understanding of planet formation and critically examine the different suggested formation mechanisms. We expect the present review to provide the basic theoretical background to capture the essential of the physics of exoplanet formation, structure and evolution, and the related observable signatures.

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