In recent years it has been shown that the tidal coupling between extrasolar planets and their stars could be an important mechanism leading to orbital evolution. Both the tides the planet raises on the star and vice versa are important and dissipation efficiencies ranging over four orders of magnitude are being used. In addition, the discovery of extrasolar planets extremely close to their stars has made it clear that the estimates of the tidal quality factor, Q, of the stars based on Jupiter and its satellite system and on main sequence binary star observations are too low, resulting in lifetimes for the closest planets orders of magnitude smaller than their age. We argue that those estimates of the tidal dissipation efficiency are not applicable for stars with spin periods much longer than the extrasolar planets' orbital period. We address the problem by applying our own values for the dissipation efficiency of tides, based on our numerical simulations of externally perturbed volumes of stellar-like convection. The range of dissipation we find for main-sequence stars corresponds to stellar $Q_*$ of $10^8$ to $3{\times}10^9$. The derived orbit lifetimes are comparable to, or much longer than the ages of the observed extrasolar planetary systems. The predicted orbital decay transit timing variations due to the tidal coupling are below the rate of ms/yr for currently known systems, but within reach of an extended Kepler mission provided such objects are found in its field.
On the rotational behavior of parent stars of extrasolar planets
我们分析了太阳系外行星的母星自转速度的行为。投影旋转速度v sin i和角动量与恒星和行星参数相结合,为147颗恒星的独特样本,共计184颗太阳系外行星,包括25个多系统。事实上,对于目前的工作样本,我们只考虑了通过径向速度程序检测到的带有行星的恒星。我们的分析表明,沿着HR图的行星的恒星的v sin i分布遵循中到低主序星旋转的既定场景,在1.2 Msun附近旋转突然下降。下降发生在Teff~ 6000 K附近,对应于晚F光谱区域。对有行星的恒星和没有行星的恒星的自转分布的统计比较表明,这两个恒星家族的v sin i分布来自相同的人口分布函数。我们还发现,太阳系外行星母恒星的角动量至少在定性上遵循克拉夫特关系。与有行星的恒星相比,没有探测到行星的恒星表现出明显的角动量亏损趋势,特别是质量高于1.25 Msun的恒星。拥有最大质量行星的恒星往往具有与太阳相当或更高的角动量。
On the rotational behavior of parent stars of extrasolar planets
我们分析了太阳系外行星的母星自转速度的行为。投影旋转速度v sin i和角动量与恒星和行星参数相结合,为147颗恒星的独特样本,共计184颗太阳系外行星,包括25个多系统。事实上,对于目前的工作样本,我们只考虑了通过径向速度程序检测到的带有行星的恒星。我们的分析表明,沿着HR图的行星的恒星的v sin i分布遵循中到低主序星旋转的既定方案,在1.2 Msun附近旋转突然下降。下降发生在Teff ~ 6000 K附近,对应于晚F光谱区域。对有行星的恒星和没有行星的恒星的自转分布的统计比较表明,这两个恒星家族的v sin i分布来自相同的人口分布函数。我们还发现太阳系外行星母星的角动量至少在定性上遵循克拉夫茨关系J α(M/Msun)^α。与有行星的恒星相比,没有探测到行星的恒星表现出明显的角动量亏损趋势,特别是质量高于1.25 Msun的恒星。拥有最大质量行星的恒星往往具有与太阳相当或更高的角动量。
Parent Stars of Extrasolar Planets. XI. Trends with Condensation Temperature Revisited
我们报告的结果丰度分析的新样本的恒星与行星和恒星没有检测到行星。我们采用这些数据来比较两个样品的丰度冷凝温度的趋势。我们发现有行星的恒星有更多的负趋势。此外,拥有行星的富含金属的恒星显示出最负面的趋势。这些结果证实并扩展了Ramirez et al.(2009)和Melendez et al.(2009)的发现,他们的研究仅限于太阳类似物。我们还表明,太阳光球和CI陨石丰度之间的差异与冷凝温度。