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arXiv 1102.3187astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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近距离太阳系外行星的潮汐演化:来自新理论模型的高恒星Q值

Tidal Evolution of Close-in Extrasolar Planets: High Stellar Q from New Theoretical Models

Kaloyan Penev, Dimitar Sasselov

摘要:

近年来的研究表明,太阳系外行星与其恒星之间的潮汐耦合可能是导致轨道演化的一个重要机制。这两个潮汐的行星提出的恒星,反之亦然是重要的和耗散效率范围超过四个数量级正在使用。此外,发现太阳系外行星非常接近其恒星,这清楚地表明,根据木星及其卫星系统和主序星双星观测对恒星潮汐品质因数Q的估计太低,导致最近行星的寿命比其年龄小几个数量级。我们认为,这些估计的潮汐耗散效率是不适用于恒星的自转周期远远长于太阳系外行星的轨道周期。我们解决这个问题,通过应用我们自己的价值观的潮汐耗散效率,基于我们的数值模拟外部扰动量的恒星状对流。我们发现主序星的耗散范围对应于$10^8$到$3{\times}10^9$的恒星$Q_*$。推导出的轨道寿命与观测到的太阳系外行星系统的年龄相当,或比其长得多。预测的轨道衰减过境时间变化,由于潮汐耦合是低于目前已知的系统ms/yr的速度,但在扩展开普勒任务的范围内,提供了这样的对象被发现在其领域。

英文摘要:

In recent years it has been shown that the tidal coupling between extrasolar planets and their stars could be an important mechanism leading to orbital evolution. Both the tides the planet raises on the star and vice versa are important and dissipation efficiencies ranging over four orders of magnitude are being used. In addition, the discovery of extrasolar planets extremely close to their stars has made it clear that the estimates of the tidal quality factor, Q, of the stars based on Jupiter and its satellite system and on main sequence binary star observations are too low, resulting in lifetimes for the closest planets orders of magnitude smaller than their age. We argue that those estimates of the tidal dissipation efficiency are not applicable for stars with spin periods much longer than the extrasolar planets' orbital period. We address the problem by applying our own values for the dissipation efficiency of tides, based on our numerical simulations of externally perturbed volumes of stellar-like convection. The range of dissipation we find for main-sequence stars corresponds to stellar $Q_*$ of $10^8$ to $3{\times}10^9$. The derived orbit lifetimes are comparable to, or much longer than the ages of the observed extrasolar planetary systems. The predicted orbital decay transit timing variations due to the tidal coupling are below the rate of ms/yr for currently known systems, but within reach of an extended Kepler mission provided such objects are found in its field.

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