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arXiv 1504.01558astro-ph.EP
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围绕不同类型主星运行的类地太阳系外行星的三维气候模拟

3D climate modeling of Earth-like extrasolar planets orbiting different types of host stars

M. Godolt, J. L. Grenfell, A. Hamann-Reinus, D. Kitzmann, M. Kunze, U. Langematz, P. von Paris, A. B. C. Patzer, H. Rauer, B. Stracke

摘要:

一颗类地行星的潜在可居住性通常由其表面可能存在的液态水来定义。液态水的潜在存在取决于许多因素,例如,最重要的是,地面温度。因此,行星大气的性质及其与行星主星提供的辐射能的相互作用具有决定性的重要性。在这项研究中,我们调查的影响,不同的主序星气候的类地太阳系外行星和他们的潜在的可居住性,通过应用三维地球气候模型占当地和动力学过程。这些计算是针对具有类地大气层的行星进行的,这些行星的轨道距离是从各个宿主恒星接收的能量总量等于太阳常数。与以前的三维建模研究相比,我们包括臭氧辐射加热对大气垂直温度结构的影响。得到的全球轨道平均结果进行了比较的一维辐射对流气候模式。不同的恒星光谱能量分布导致不同的地面温度,并且由于臭氧加热导致非常不同的垂直温度结构。与之前的一维研究一样,我们发现K型恒星周围的类地行星的地面温度更高,而F型恒星周围的行星的温度比太阳周围的类地行星低。然而,这种效应在3D模型结果中比在1D模型中更明显,因为3D模型考虑了诸如冰蒸发和水蒸气反馈的反馈过程。1D模型是否可以近似于3D模型结果的全球平均值在很大程度上取决于1D模型中相对湿度分布的选择,该分布用于确定水蒸气分布。

英文摘要:

The potential habitability of a terrestrial planet is usually defined by the possible existence of liquid water on its surface. The potential presence of liquid water depends on many factors such as, most importantly, surface temperatures. The properties of the planetary atmosphere and its interaction with the radiative energy provided by the planet's host star are thereby of decisive importance. In this study we investigate the influence of different main-sequence stars upon the climate of Earth-like extrasolar planets and their potential habitability by applying a 3D Earth climate model accounting for local and dynamical processes. The calculations have been performed for planets with Earth-like atmospheres at orbital distances where the total amount of energy received from the various host stars equals the solar constant. In contrast to previous 3D modeling studies, we include the effect of ozone radiative heating upon the vertical temperature structure of the atmospheres. The global orbital mean results obtained have been compared to those of a 1D radiative convective climate model. The different stellar spectral energy distributions lead to different surface temperatures and due to ozone heating to very different vertical temperature structures. As previous 1D studies we find higher surface temperatures for the Earth-like planet around the K-type star, and lower temperatures for the planet around the F-type star compared to an Earth-like planet around the Sun. However, this effect is more pronounced in the 3D model results than in the 1D model because the 3D model accounts for feedback processes such as the ice-albedo and the water vapor feedback. Whether the 1D model may approximate the global mean of the 3D model results strongly depends on the choice of the relative humidity profile in the 1D model, which is used to determine the water vapor profile.

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