被动式低温冷却：辐射冷却与蒸发冷却
Passive sub-ambient cooling: radiative cooling versus evaporative cooling
摘要：
昼夜辐射天空冷却已成为传统冷却技术（如基于制冷的空调和蒸发式湿式冷却）的潜在替代方案。辐射冷却和蒸发冷却都可以在不消耗电力的情况下被动地实现低于环境温度的冷却。虽然这两种冷却技术都受到各种天气条件的影响，但在相同条件下的影响程度尚不清楚。在这项工作中，我们实验和理论研究被动辐射冷却器和被动蒸发冷却器的热性能时，暴露在晴朗的夜空。我们表明，蒸发冷却更适合高温和低湿度的天气条件下，测量的辐射和蒸发冷却器的亚环境温度分别为-13.5 °C和-15.0 °C，在低相对湿度为13%和高环境温度为26.0 ° C。另一方面，在高湿度和/或低温天气条件下，辐射冷却比蒸发冷却相对更有弹性，在略高的相对湿度32.0%和略低的环境温度17.0 ° C下，冷却器的测量的低于环境温度分别为-11.5 °C和-10.5 °C。根据水的可用性和天气条件，蒸发冷却和辐射冷却都可以作为相互补充的冷却技术。
英文摘要：
Day-and-night radiative sky cooling has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional cooling technologies such as refrigeration-based air conditioning and evaporative wet cooling. Both radiative cooling and evaporative cooling can passively achieve sub-ambient cooling without consuming electricity. Although both cooling techniques are subject to impacts from various weather conditions, the extents of the impacts under the same conditions are not well understood. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically study the thermal performances of a passive radiative cooler and a passive evaporative cooler when exposed to a clear night sky. We show that evaporative cooling is better suited for high-temperature and low-humidity weather conditions, with the measured sub-ambient temperatures of the radiative and evaporative coolers being -13.5°C and -15.0°C, respectively, at a low relative humidity of 13% and a high ambient temperature of 26.0°C. On the other hand, radiative cooling is relatively more resilient than evaporative cooling under high-humidity and/or low-temperature weather conditions, with the measured sub-ambient temperatures of the coolers being -11.5°C and -10.5°C, respectively, at a slightly higher relative humidity of 32.0% and a slightly lower ambient temperature of 17.0°C. Depending on water availability and weather conditions, both evaporative cooling and radiative cooling can be adopted as mutually supplemental cooling technologies.
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