We study the behavior of Lipschitz functions on intrinsic $C^1$ submanifolds of Heisenberg groups: our main result is their almost everywhere tangential Pansu differentiability. We also provide two applications: a Lusin-type approximation of Lipschitz functions on $\HH$-rectifiable sets, and a coarea formula on $\HH$-rectifiable sets that completes the program started in~\cite{JNGV}.
We establish an area formula for the spherical measure of intrinsically regular submanifolds of low codimension in Heisenberg groups. The spherical measure is computed with respect to an arbitrary homogeneous distance. Among the arguments of the proof, we point out the differentiability properties of intrinsic graphs and a chain rule for intrinsic differentiable functions.
This note concerns low-dimensional intrinsic Lipschitz graphs, in the sense of Franchi, Serapioni, and Serra Cassano, in the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$, $n\in \mathbb{N}$. For $1\leq k\leq n$, we show that every intrinsic $L$-Lipschitz graph over a subset of a $k$-dimensional horizontal subgroup $\mathbb{V}$ of $\mathbb{H}^n$ can be extended to an intrinsic $L'$-Lipschitz graph over the entire subgroup $\mathbb{V}$, where $L'$ depends only on $L$, $k$, and $n$. We further prove that $1$-dimensional intrinsic $1$-Lipschitz graphs in $\mathbb{H}^n$, $n\in \mathbb{N}$, admit corona decomposi…
We show that the $β$--numbers of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs of Heisenberg groups $\mathbb{H}_n$ are locally Carleson integrable when $n \geq 2$. Our technique relies on a recent Dorronsoro inequality \cite{FO} as well as a novel slicing argument. A key ingredient in our proof is a Euclidean inequality bounding the $β$--number of a function on a cube of $\mathbb{R}^n$ using the $β$--number of the restriction of the function to codimension--1 slices of the cube.
We prove that the Heisenberg Riesz transform is $L_2$--unbounded on a family of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs in the first Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}$. We construct this family by combining a method from \cite{NY2} with a stopping time argument, and we establish the $L_2$--unboundedness of the Riesz transform by introducing several new techniques to analyze singular integrals on intrinsic Lipschitz graphs. These include a formula for the Riesz transform in terms of a singular integral on a vertical plane and bounds on the flow of singular integrals that arises from a perturbation of a graph. On…
A Semmes surface in the Heisenberg group is a closed set $S$ that is upper Ahlfors-regular with codimension one and satisfies the following condition, referred to as Condition B. Every ball $B(x,r)$ with $x \in S$ and $0 < r < \operatorname{diam} S$ contains two balls with radii comparable to $r$ which are contained in different connected components of the complement of $S$. Analogous sets in Euclidean spaces were introduced by Semmes in the late $80$'s. We prove that Semmes surfaces in the Heisenberg group are lower Ahlfors-regular with codimension one and have big pieces of intrinsic Lipschi…
The Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}$ equipped with a sub-Riemannian metric is one of the most well known examples of a doubling metric space which does not admit a bi-Lipschitz embedding into any Euclidean space. In this paper we investigate which \textit{subsets} of $\mathbb{H}$ bi-Lipschitz embed into Euclidean spaces. We show that there exists a universal constant $L>0$ such that lines $L$-bi-Lipschitz embed into $\mathbb{R}^3$ and planes $L$-bi-Lipschitz embed into $\mathbb{R}^4$. Moreover, $C^{1,1}$ $2$-manifolds without characteristic points as well as all $C^{1,1}$ $1$-manifolds locally $L…
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study some basic concepts of quantitative rectifiability in the first Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}$. In particular, we aim to demonstrate that new phenomena arise compared to the Euclidean theory, founded by G. David and S. Semmes in the 90's. The theory in $\mathbb{H}$ has an apparent connection to certain nonlinear PDEs, which do not play a role with similar questions in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$. Our main object of study are the intrinsic Lipschitz graphs in $\mathbb{H}$, introduced by B. Franchi, R. Serapioni and F. Serra Cassano in 2006. We claim that …
We prove that in the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^1$ with a sub-Finsler structure, an $(X,Y)$-Lipschitz surface which is complete, oriented, connected and stable must be a vertical plane. In particular, the result holds for entire intrinsic graphs of Euclidean Lipschitz functions.
We focus our attention on the notion of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs, inside a subclass of Carnot groups of step 2 which includes a corank 1 Carnot groups (and so the Heisenberg groups), Free groups of step 2 and the complexified Heisenberg group. More precisely, we prove the equivalence between intrinsic Lipschitz map and a weak solution to a suitable non linear first order PDE system, which generalizes Lagrangian solution in the context of Heisenberg groups.
For a strictly convex set $K\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ of class $C^2$ we consider its associated sub-Finsler $K$-perimeter $|\partial E|_K$ in $\mathbb{H}^1$ and the prescribed mean curvature functional $|\partial E|_K-\int_E f$ associated to a function $f$. Given a critical set for this functional with Euclidean Lipschitz and intrinsic regular boundary, we prove that their characteristic curves are of class $C^2$ and that this regularity is optimal. The result holds in particular when the boundary of $E$ is of class $C^1$.
Minimal surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^n$ can be locally approximated by graphs of harmonic functions, i.e., functions that are critical points of the Dirichlet energy, but no analogous theorem is known for $H$-minimal surfaces in the three-dimensional Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}$, which are known to have singularities. In this paper, we introduce a definition of intrinsic Dirichlet energy for surfaces in $\mathbb{H}$ and study the critical points of this energy, which we call contact harmonic graphs. Nearly flat regions of $H$-minimal surfaces can often be approximated by such graphs. We give a cal…
Several quantitative notions of rectifiability in the Heisenberg groups have emerged in the recent literature. In this paper we study the relationship between two of them, the big pieces of intrinsic Lipschitz graphs (BPiLG) condition and the bilateral weak geometric lemma (BWGL), and show that sets with BPiLG satisfy the BWGL.
This paper studies the geometry of bilipschitz maps $f \colon \mathbb{W} \to \mathbb{H}$, where $\mathbb{H}$ is the first Heisenberg group, and $\mathbb{W} \subset \mathbb{H}$ is a vertical subgroup of co-dimension $1$. The images $f(\mathbb{W})$ of such maps are called Rickman rugs in the Heisenberg group. The main theorem states that a Rickman rug in the Heisenberg group admits a corona decomposition by intrinsic bilipschitz graphs. As a corollary, Rickman rugs are countably rectifiable by intrinsic bilipschitz graphs. Here, an intrinsic bilipschitz graph is an intrinsic Lipschitz graph, whi…
In this paper we study intrinsic regular submanifolds of $\mathbb{H}^n$, of low co-dimension in relation with the regularity of their intrinsic parametrization. We extend some results proved for one co-dimensional $\mathbb{H}$-regular surfaces, characterizing uniformly intrinsic differentiable functions $ϕ$ acting between two complementary subgroups of the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$, with target space horizontal of dimension $k$, with $1 \leq k \leq n$, in terms of the Euclidean regularity of its components with respect to a family of non linear vector fields $\nabla^{ϕ_j}$. Moreover, we …
Let $\mathbb{H}$ be the first Heisenberg group, and let $k \in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{H} \, \setminus \, \{0\})$ be a kernel which is either odd or horizontally odd, and satisfies $$|\nabla_{\mathbb{H}}^{n}k(p)| \leq C_{n}\|p\|^{-1 - n}, \qquad p \in \mathbb{H} \, \setminus \, \{0\}, \, n \geq 0.$$ The simplest examples include certain Riesz-type kernels first considered by Chousionis and Mattila, and the horizontally odd kernel $k(p) = \nabla_{\mathbb{H}} \log \|p\|$. We prove that convolution with $k$, as above, yields an $L^{2}$-bounded operator on regular curves in $\mathbb{H}$. This extends a…
We study contact 3-manifolds using the techniques of sub-Riemannian geometry and geometric measure theory, in particular establishing properties of their Lipschitz homotopy groups. We prove a biLipschitz version of the Theorem of Darboux: a contact $(2n+1)$-manifold endowed with a sub-Riemannian structure is locally biLipschitz equivalent to the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$ with its \cc metric. Then each contact $(2n+1)$-manifold endowed with a sub-Riemannian structure is purely $k$-unrectifiable for $k>n$. We then extend results of Dejarnette et al. (arXiv:1109.4641 [math.FA]) and Wenger a…
Disproof of the tree product conjecture via the Heisenberg group
Department of Mathematics, University College London(伦敦大学学院数学系);Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University(麦吉尔大学数学与统计系);Department of Mathematics, ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院数学系)
We prove that the $L_4$ norm of the vertical perimeter of any measurable subset of the $3$-dimensional Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}$ is at most a universal constant multiple of the (Heisenberg) perimeter of the subset. We show that this isoperimetric-type inequality is optimal in the sense that there are sets for which it fails to hold with the $L_4$ norm replaced by the $L_q$ norm for any $q<4$. This is in contrast to the $5$-dimensional setting, where the above result holds with the $L_4$ norm replaced by the $L_2$ norm. The proof of the aforementioned isoperimetric inequality introduces a n…
This paper is related to the problem of finding a good notion of rectifiability in sub-Riemannian geometry. In particular, we study which kind of results can be expected for smooth hypersurfaces in Carnot groups. Our main contribution will be a consequence of the following result: there exists a $C^{\infty}$ hypersurface $S$ without characteristic points that has uncountably many pairwise non-isomorphic tangent groups on every positive-measure subset. The example is found in a Carnot group of topological dimension 8, it has Hausdorff dimension 12 and so we use on it the Hausdorff measure $\mat…