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arXiv 2106.08280gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-th
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相对论范围内标量暗物质的动力学摩擦

Dynamical friction from scalar dark matter in the relativistic regime

Dina Traykova, Katy Clough, Thomas Helfer, Emanuele Berti, Pedro G. Ferreira, Lam Hui

摘要:

轻玻色标量(如轴子)可能通过超辐射不稳定性在黑洞周围形成云,或者如果它们形成暗物质的某些成分,则通过吸积形成云。有人认为,当一个小型致密物体螺旋进入一个更大的黑洞时,它们的存在可能会导致引力波信号出现明显的失相。基于此,我们数值研究了在具有渐近均匀能量密度的背景标量场以相对论速度运动的黑洞所受的动力学摩擦力。我们表明,相对论标度是类似的超音速碰撞流体中发现的,假设一个近似表达式的压力校正,这取决于速度和标量质量。虽然我们专注于一个复杂的标量场,我们的研究结果证实了期望,真正的标量将施加一个力,振荡之间的正值和负值的时间与频率设置的标量质量。复数场描述了这个力的时间平均值,但在实标量中,快速的力振荡原则上会在轨迹上留下印记。我们得到的近似可以用来通知在一个极端的质量比inspiral的最后阶段的退相估计。

英文摘要:

Light bosonic scalars (e.g. axions) may form clouds around black holes via superradiant instabilities, or via accretion if they form some component of the dark matter. It has been suggested that their presence may lead to a distinctive dephasing of the gravitational wave signal when a small compact object spirals into a larger black hole. Motivated by this, we study numerically the dynamical friction force on a black hole moving at relativistic velocities in a background scalar field with an asymptotically homogeneous energy density. We show that the relativistic scaling is analogous to that found for supersonic collisional fluids, assuming an approximate expression for the pressure correction which depends on the velocity and scalar mass. While we focus on a complex scalar field, our results confirm the expectation that real scalars would exert a force which oscillates between positive and negative values in time with a frequency set by the scalar mass. The complex field describes the time averaged value of this force, but in a real scalar the rapid force oscillations could in principle leave an imprint on the trajectory. The approximation we obtain can be used to inform estimates of dephasing in the final stages of an extreme mass ratio inspiral.

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