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arXiv 2106.05959cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.supr-con
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铜氧化物超导体中的Seebeck系数:奇异金属相的粒子-空穴不对称性和赝能隙相的费米面变换

Seebeck coefficient in a cuprate superconductor: particle-hole asymmetry in the strange metal phase and Fermi surface transformation in the pseudogap phase

A. Gourgout, G. Grissonnanche, F. Laliberté, A. Ataei, L. Chen, S. Verret, J. -S. Zhou, J. Mravlje, A. Georges, N. Doiron-Leyraud, L. Taillefer

摘要:

我们报告的Seebeck效应的测量在$ab$平面($S_{\rm a}$)和沿$c$轴($S_{\rm c}$)的铜酸盐超导体La $_{1.6-x}$ Nd $_{0.4}$ Sr $_{x}$ CuO $_4$(Nd-LSCO),在磁场足够大,以抑制超导性下降到低温。我们使用Seebeck系数作为探针的电子结构的粒子-空穴不对称性的赝隙临界掺杂$p^{\star} = 0.23$。在赝能隙相之外,在$p = 0.24 > p^{\star}$处,我们观察到正的且基本上各向同性的塞贝克系数为$T \rightarrow 0$。$p = 0.24$的$S > 0$与预期不符,因为Nd-LSCO的电子能带结构高于$p^{\star}$及其已知的类电子费米表面。我们可以用依赖于能量的散射率和粒子-空穴的不对称性来调和这一观察结果,这可能源于$p^{\star}$之上的铜氧化物的非费米液体性质。在赝能隙相内,对于$ p < p^{\star}$,$S_{\rm a}$如先前报道的那样在低温下升高,这与从其它输运性质推断出的载流子密度$n$在$p^{\star}$上从$n \simeq 1 + p$下降到$n \simeq p$一致。与此形成鲜明对比的是,低温下的$S_{\rm c}$在低于$p^{\star}$时变为负值,这是赝能隙相的一个新特征。$S_{\rm c}$的突然下降揭示了Nd-LSCO在穿过$p^{\star}$时电子结构的变化。我们可以排除横跨$p^{\star}$的散射的深刻变化,并得出结论,面外塞贝克系数的变化源于费米面的变换。

英文摘要:

We report measurements of the Seebeck effect in both the $ab$ plane ($S_{\rm a}$) and along the $c$ axis ($S_{\rm c}$) of the cuprate superconductor La$_{1.6-x}$Nd$_{0.4}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_4$ (Nd-LSCO), performed in magnetic fields large enough to suppress superconductivity down to low temperature. We use the Seebeck coefficient as a probe of the particle-hole asymmetry of the electronic structure across the pseudogap critical doping $p^{\star} = 0.23$. Outside the pseudogap phase, at $p = 0.24 > p^{\star}$, we observe a positive and essentially isotropic Seebeck coefficient as $T \rightarrow 0$. That $S > 0$ at $p = 0.24$ is at odds with expectations given the electronic band structure of Nd-LSCO above $p^{\star}$ and its known electron-like Fermi surface. We can reconcile this observation by invoking an energy-dependent scattering rate with a particle-hole asymmetry, possibly rooted in the non-Fermi liquid nature of cuprates just above $p^{\star}$. Inside the pseudogap phase, for $ p < p^{\star}$, $S_{\rm a}$ is seen to rise at low temperature as previously reported, consistent with the drop in carrier density $n$ from $n \simeq 1 + p$ to $n \simeq p$ across $p^{\star}$ as inferred from other transport properties. In stark contrast, $S_{\rm c}$ at low temperature becomes negative below $p^{\star}$, a novel signature of the pseudogap phase. The sudden drop in $S_{\rm c}$ reveals a change in the electronic structure of Nd-LSCO upon crossing $p^{\star}$. We can exclude a profound change of the scattering across $p^{\star}$ and conclude that the change in the out-of-plane Seebeck coefficient originates from a transformation of the Fermi surface.

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