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arXiv 2106.04875cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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金属玻璃在极端应变率下超过E/10强度极限

Amorphous alloys surpass E/10 strength limit at extreme strain rates

Wenqing Zhu, Zhi Li, Hua Shu, Huajian Gao, Xiaoding Wei

摘要:

理论预测的理想强度的材料范围从E/30到E/10(E是杨氏模量)。然而,尽管在过去的十年里人们对金属的理想强度有着强烈的兴趣,但金属在实验中可以达到的理想强度的值仍然是一个谜(1-5)。在这项研究中,我们证明了前所未有的强度的非晶Cu-Zr合金,超过了E/10的限制。对Cu 50 Zr 50合金进行了激光冲击实验,研究了其在1000应变率下的强度和失效机制。在应变速率大于10^7 s^-1时,该材料的层裂强度高达9.8 GPa,约为其P波模量(~ E/6)的1/13,创下了金属材料弹性限度的新纪录。电子显微镜和大规模的分子动力学模拟显示,空洞的成核和生长,而不是剪切带,构成了金属玻璃在极快的应变速率的主要失效机制。提出了一个新的孔隙形成模型,该模型受表面能控制,解释了材料强度的速率依赖性。这项研究的结果揭示了在苛刻的机械条件下,在未来的应用中使用纳米结构金属中的非晶相的新的可能方法。

英文摘要:

Theoretical predictions of the ideal strength of materials range from E/30 to E/10 (E is Young's modulus). However, despite intense interest over the last decade, the value of the ideal strength that can be attained experimentally for metals remains a mystery (1-5). In this study, we demonstrated the unprecedented strength of an amorphous Cu-Zr alloy that surpassed the E/10 limit. Laser-induced shock experiments were conducted on Cu50Zr50 to explore its strength and failure mechanisms at ultrahigh strain rates. The material demonstrated a high spall strength of 9.8 GPa, approximately 1/13 of its P-wave modulus (~ E/6), at strain rates greater than 10^7 s^-1, which sets a new record for the elastic limit of metallic materials. Electron microscopy and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations revealed that void nucleation and growth, not shear-banding, comprised the major failure mechanism for metallic glasses at extremely fast strain rates. A new model for void formation under the control of surface energy explained the rate dependence of the material strength. The results of this study reveal new possible ways to use the amorphous phase in nanostructured metals in future applications under demanding mechanical conditions.

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