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arXiv 2106.03095cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.stat-mech
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约束晶体生长

Crystal growth in confinement

Felix Kohler, Olivier Pierre-Louis, Dag Kristian Dysthe

摘要:

在自然界和工业中,晶体生长在多孔或蜂窝材料中是普遍存在的。禁闭影响生物体内生物矿物的形成、地壳中矿物的形成和破坏多孔石灰岩纪念物的盐晶体的形成,也被用来控制人造晶体的生长。然而,限制改变晶体形状和生长速率的机制仍然没有阐明。基于新的\textit{in situ}光学观察的(001)表面的NaClO $_3$和CaCO $_3$晶体在纳米距离的玻璃基板,我们表明,新的分子层可以均匀成核和传播没有中断,即使在与其他固体接触,提高宏观晶体以上。受限生长是由这些分子层的特殊动力学控制的质量通过液膜从接触的边缘到中心的二维运输,具有独特的功能,如歪斜的位错螺旋,动力学局部化的成核在接触边缘附近,和定向不稳定性。约束生长形态可以从三个主要的无量纲参数的值进行预测。

英文摘要:

The growth of crystals confined in porous or cellular materials is ubiquitous in Nature and industry. Confinement affects the formation of biominerals in living organisms, of minerals in the Earth's crust and of salt crystals damaging porous limestone monuments, and is also used to control the growth of artificial crystals. However, the mechanisms by which confinement alters crystal shapes and growth rates are still not elucidated. Based on novel \textit{in situ} optical observations of (001) surfaces of NaClO$_3$ and CaCO$_3$ crystals at nanometric distances from a glass substrate, we demonstrate that new molecular layers can nucleate homogeneously and propagate without interruption even when in contact with other solids, raising the macroscopic crystal above them. Confined growth is governed by the peculiar dynamics of these molecular layers controlled by the two-dimensional transport of mass through the liquid film from the edges to the center of the contact, with distinctive features such as skewed dislocation spirals, kinetic localization of nucleation in the vicinity of the contact edge, and directed instabilities. Confined growth morphologies can be predicted from the values of three main dimensionless parameters.

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