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arXiv 2105.09005quant-ph
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关于信息缺失导致量子不确定性的实验研究

Experimental study of quantum uncertainty from lack of information

Yuan-Yuan Zhao, Filip Rozpędek, Zhibo Hou, Kang-Da Wu, Guo-Yong Xiang, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo

AI总结:

本研究通过实现二维和三维猜测游戏实验验证量子不确定性的来源,证实其很大程度源于猜测方无法访问的自由度中存储的量子信息,并提出构建高维Fourier门的紧凑实验方法。

摘要:

量子不确定性是量子力学中一个众所周知的性质,它指出不可能同时预测多个不相容可观测量的测量结果。相比之下,经典领域中的不确定性源于对系统精确状态的信息缺失。人们自然会问,量子不确定性是否确实是量子理论完全固有的性质,或者是否与经典领域类似,对物理系统特定部分的认知缺失可能是这种不确定性的来源。此前的文献已经探讨了这个问题,其中作者提出,在可以用所谓的“猜测游戏”来阐释的不确定性原理的熵公式中,这种信息缺失确实对量子不确定性的产生有显著贡献。本文中,我们通过实现相应的二维和三维猜测游戏,对这一问题展开实验研究。我们的结果证实,在猜测游戏框架内,量子不确定性在很大程度上依赖于这样一个事实:决定游戏关键性质的量子信息存储在猜测方无法访问的自由度中。此外,我们提出了一种实验上紧凑的方法来构建高维Fourier门,它是量子计算、量子通信和量子计量学中各类任务的主要构建模块。

英文摘要:

Quantum uncertainty is a well-known property of quantum mechanics that states the impossibility of predicting measurement outcomes of multiple incompatible observables simultaneously. In contrast, the uncertainty in the classical domain comes from the lack of information about the exact state of the system. One may naturally ask, whether the quantum uncertainty is indeed a fully intrinsic property of the quantum theory, or whether similarly to the classical domain lack of knowledge about specific parts of the physical system might be the source of this uncertainty. This question has been addressed in the previous literature where the authors argue that in the entropic formulation of the uncertainty principle that can be illustrated using the, so-called, guessing games, indeed such lack of information has a significant contribution to the arising quantum uncertainty. Here we investigate this issue experimentally by implementing the corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional guessing games. Our results confirm that within the guessing-game framework, the quantum uncertainty to a large extent relies on the fact that quantum information determining the key properties of the game is stored in the degrees of freedom that remain inaccessible to the guessing party. Moreover, we offer an experimentally compact method to construct the high-dimensional Fourier gate which is a major building block for various tasks in quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum metrology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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