利用先进的锗探测器探测低能太阳中微子
Low-Energy Solar Neutrino Detection Utilizing Advanced Germanium Detectors
摘要：
我们探讨了利用先进的锗探测器作为低能太阳中微子观测站的可能性。利用杂质电离产生的载流子进行内电荷放大的Ge探测器是一种具有实验灵敏度的探测低能太阳中微子的新技术。Ge内电荷放大（GeICA）是通过声子发射来放大中微子与Ge原子相互作用产生的载流子。正是这些声子将通过杂质的电离产生电荷载流子，以实现$\sim$ 0.01 eV的极低能量阈值。我们证明了声子的吸收，激发和电离概率的杂质在锗探测器与杂质水平为3 $\times$ 10 $^{10}$ cm $^{-3}$，9 $\times$ 10 $^{10}$ cm $^{-3}$，和2 $\times$ 10 $^{11}$ cm $^{-3}$。我们介绍了这样的Ge实验在低能区检测太阳中微子的灵敏度。我们表明，如果GeICA技术变得可用，那么一个新的机会出现，观察$pp$和7 Be太阳中微子。这样一种仅用1公斤高纯Ge的新型探测器将对$pp$中微子每年产生$\sim$ 10个事件，对7 Be中微子每年产生$\sim$ 5个事件，探测能量阈值为0.01 eV。
英文摘要：
We explore the possibility to use advanced germanium (Ge) detectors as a low-energy solar neutrino observatory by means of neutrino-nucleus elastic scattering. A Ge detector utilizing internal charge amplification for the charge carriers created by the ionization of impurities is a novel technology with experimental sensitivity for detecting low-energy solar neutrinos. Ge internal charge amplification (GeICA) will amplify the charge carriers induced by neutrino interacting with Ge atoms through emission of phonons. It is those phonons that will create charge carriers through the ionization of impurities to achieve an extremely low energy threshold of $\sim$0.01 eV. We demonstrate the phonon absorption, excitation, and ionization probability of impurities in a Ge detector with impurity levels of 3$\times$10$^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$, 9$\times$10$^{10}$ cm$^{-3}$, and 2$\times$10$^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$. We present the sensitivity of such a Ge experiment for detecting solar neutrinos in the low-energy region. We show that, if GeICA technology becomes available, then a new opportunity arises to observe $pp$ and 7Be solar neutrinos. Such a novel detector with only 1 kg of high-purity Ge will give $\sim$ 10 events per year for $pp$ neutrinos and $\sim$ 5 events per year for 7Be neutrinos with a detection energy threshold of 0.01 eV.
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