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arXiv 2104.09436cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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(Sn-Pb-In)Te外延薄膜中的多电子态:从拓扑晶体绝缘体、极性半金属到超导体

Versatile electronic states in epitaxial thin films of (Sn-Pb-In)Te: from topological crystalline insulator and polar semimetal to superconductor

Ryutaro Yoshimi, Makoto Masuko, Naoki Ogawa, Minoru Kawamura, Atsushi Tsukazaki, Kei S. Takahashi, Masashi Kawasaki, Yoshinori Tokura

摘要:

用分子束外延(MBE)方法成功地生长了(Sn $_{x}$ Pb $_{1-x}$)$_{1-y}$ In $_{y}$ Te外延薄膜,其组成范围较宽(0 $\leq$ x $\leq$ 1,0 $\leq$ y $\leq$ 0.23)。我们通过电输运和光学二次谐波的测量研究了薄膜的电子相位。在该系统中,可以通过调节Pb/Sn比和In组分来控制带隙的反转、打破反转对称性的电极化的强度以及费米能级位置。大量的拓扑电子相有望出现,如拓扑晶体绝缘体,拓扑半金属和超导性。对于具有大Sn组分(x > 0.5)的样品,空穴密度随着In组分(y)的增加而增加,这导致超导电性的出现。另一方面,对于具有小Sn组分(x < 0.5)的那些,In组分的增加降低了空穴密度并且将载流子类型从p型改变为n型。在以(x,y)=(0.16,0.07)为中心的n型载流子被轻微掺杂的窄区域中,显示出具有超过5,000 cm $^{2}$ V $^{-1}$ s $^{-1}$的高迁移率的电荷传输,代表可能的半金属状态。在这些样品中,光学二次谐波产生测量显示沿面外[111]方向的反转对称性破缺,这确保了极性半金属态的存在。具有多种电子态的(Sn $_{x}$ Pb $_{1-x}$)$_{1-y}$ In $_{y}$ Te材料体系的薄膜将成为探索新量子现象的一个有前途的材料平台。

英文摘要:

Epitaxial thin films of (Sn$_{x}$Pb$_{1-x}$)$_{1-y}$In$_{y}$Te were successfully grown by molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) in a broad range of compositions (0 $\leq$ x $\leq$ 1, 0 $\leq$ y $\leq$ 0.23). We investigated electronic phases of the films by the measurements of electrical transport and optical second harmonic generation. In this system, one can control the inversion of band gap, the electric polarization that breaks the inversion symmetry, and the Fermi level position by tuning the Pb/Sn ratio and In composition. A plethora of topological electronic phases are expected to emerge, such as topological crystalline insulator, topological semimetal, and superconductivity. For the samples with large Sn compositions (x > 0.5), hole density increases with In composition (y), which results in the appearance of superconductivity. On the other hand, for those with small Sn compositions (x < 0.5), increase in In composition reduces the hole density and changes the carrier type from p-type to n-type. In a narrow region centered at (x, y) = (0.16, 0.07) where the n-type carriers are slightly doped, charge transport with high mobility exceeding 5,000 cm$^{2}$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ shows up, representing the possible semimetal states. In those samples, the optical second harmonic generation measurement shows the breaking of inversion symmetry along the out-of-plane [111] direction, which ensures the presence of polar semimetal state. The thin films of (Sn$_{x}$Pb$_{1-x}$)$_{1-y}$In$_{y}$Te materials systems with a variety of electronic states would become a promising materials platform for the exploration of novel quantum phenomena.

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