A Joint Energy and Latency Framework for Transfer Learning over 5G Industrial Edge Networks
Singapore University of Technology and Design（新加坡科技设计大学）；Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学）；Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering（西穆拉城市数字工程中心）
Bo Yang, Omobayode Fagbohungbe, Xuelin Cao, Chau Yuen, Lijun Qian, Dusit Niyato, Yan Zhang
In this paper, we propose a transfer learning (TL)-enabled edge-CNN framework for 5G industrial edge networks with privacy-preserving characteristic. In particular, the edge server can use the existing image dataset to train the CNN in advance, which is further fine-tuned based on the limited datasets uploaded from the devices. With the aid of TL, the devices that are not participating in the training only need to fine-tune the trained edge-CNN model without training from scratch. Due to the energy budget of the devices and the limited communication bandwidth, a joint energy and latency problem is formulated, which is solved by decomposing the original problem into an uploading decision subproblem and a wireless bandwidth allocation subproblem. Experiments using ImageNet demonstrate that the proposed TL-enabled edge-CNN framework can achieve almost 85% prediction accuracy of the baseline by uploading only about 1% model parameters, for a compression ratio of 32 of the autoencoder.
Towards General Industrial Intelligence: A Survey of Continual Large Models in Industrial IoT
Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology（华南理工大学伍舜德智能工程学院）；School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology（华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院）；Pazhou Lab（琶洲实验室）；ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University（浙江大学ZJU-UIUC学院）；Key Laboratory of Maritime Intelligent Network Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Hohai University（河海大学海洋智能网络信息技术教育部重点实验室）
Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu（奥卢大学无线通信中心）
While information delivery in industrial Internet of things demands reliability and latency guarantees, the freshness of the controller's available information, measured by the age of information (AoI), is paramount for high-performing industrial automation. The problem in this work is cast as a sensor's transmit power minimization subject to the peak-AoI requirement and a probabilistic constraint on queuing latency. We further characterize the tail behavior of the latency by a generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) for solving the power allocation problem through Lyapunov optimization. As each…
Model-Free Control (MFC), which is easy to implement both from software and hardware viewpoints, permits the introduction of a high level control synthesis for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the Industry 4.0. The choice of the User Diagram Protocol (UDP) as the Internet Protocol permits to neglect the latency. In spite of most severe packet losses, convincing computer simulations and laboratory experiments show that MFC exhibits a good Quality of Service (QoS) and behaves better than a classic PI regulator.
To date, model-based reliable communication with low latency is of paramount importance for time-critical wireless control systems. In this work, we study the downlink (DL) controller-to-actuator scheduling problem in a wireless industrial network such that the outage probability is minimized. In contrast to the existing literature based on well-known stationary fading channel models, we assume an arbitrary and unknown channel fading model, which is available only via samples. To overcome the issue of limited data samples, we invoke the generative adversarial network framework and propose an o…
Modern manufacturers are currently undertaking the integration of novel digital technologies - such as 5G-based wireless networks, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing - to elevate their production process to a brand new level, the level of smart factories. In the setting of a modern smart factory, time-critical applications are increasingly important to facilitate efficient and safe production. However, these applications suffer from delays in data transmission and processing due to the high density of wireless sensors and the large volumes of data that they generate. As the adve…
The fifth generation (5G) new radio supports a diversity of network deployments. The industrial factory (InF) wireless automation use cases are emerging and drawing an increasing attention of the 5G new radio standardization groups. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a service-aware time division duplexing (TDD) frame selection framework for multi-traffic deployments. We evaluate the performance of the InF network deployments with the state-of-the-art 3GPP modeling assumptions. In particular, we consider the dynamic TDD mode along with optimized uplink power control settings. Multi-traffic c…
Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications（重庆邮电大学）；University of Guelph（圭尔夫大学）；Hubei University of Arts and Science（湖北文理学院）；Hosei University（法政大学）；RIKEN（理化学研究所）
Edge enabled Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platform is of great significance to accelerate the development of smart industry. However, with the dramatic increase in real-time IIoT applications, it is a great challenge to support fast response time, low latency, and efficient bandwidth utilization. To address this issue, Time Sensitive Network (TSN) is recently researched to realize low latency communication via deterministic scheduling. To the best of our knowledge, the combinability of multiple flows, which can significantly affect the scheduling performance, has never been systematica…
Communication for control-centric industrial applications is characterized by the requirements of very high reliability, very low and deterministic latency and high scalability. Typically, IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs), also known as Wi-Fi networks, are deemed ineligible for industrial control applications owing to insufficient reliability and non-deterministic latency. This paper proposes a novel solution for providing reliable and deterministic communication, through Wi-Fi, in industrial environments. The proposed solution, termed as \textsf{HAR\(^\text{2}\)D-Fi} (\u…
Guangzhou University（广州大学）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）
In this paper, we investigate how to deploy computational intelligence and deep learning (DL) in edge-enabled industrial IoT networks. In this system, the IoT devices can collaboratively train a shared model without compromising data privacy. However, due to limited resources in the industrial IoT networks, including computational power, bandwidth, and channel state, it is challenging for many devices to accomplish local training and upload weights to the edge server in time. To address this issue, we propose a novel multi-exit-based federated edge learning (ME-FEEL) framework, where the deep …
Autonomous vehicles are expected to emerge as a main trend in vehicle development over the next decade. To support autonomous vehicles, ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) is required between autonomous vehicles and infrastructure networks, e.g., fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. Hence, reliability and latency must be jointly investigated in 5G autonomous vehicular networks. Utilizing the Euclidean norm theory, we first propose a reliability and latency joint function to evaluate the joint impact of reliability and latency in 5G autonomous vehicular networks. The interacti…
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is an emerging paradigm to make industrial operations more efficient and intelligent by deploying a massive number of wireless devices to industry scenes. However, due to the limited computing capability and batteries, the Industrial Internet of Things Devices (IIoTDs) can't perform the computation-intensive or delay-sensitive tasks well and provide long-term services in practical. To tackle these challenges, we present an effective global joint resource allocation scheme for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) service of Pervasive Edge Computing (PEC) in Ind…
RouterWise: Joint Resource Allocation and Routing for Latency-Aware Multi-Model LLM Serving
DisNet Lab, School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学计算与信息学院）；School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学计算与信息学院）；Department of Data Science & AI, Monash University（莫纳什大学数据科学与人工智能系）
Several novel industrial applications involve human control of vehicles, cranes, or mobile robots through various high-throughput feedback systems, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and tactile/haptic signals. The near real-time interaction between the system and the operator requires strict latency constraints in packet exchange, which is difficult to guarantee over wireless communication links. In this work, we advocate that packet-level coding and packet scheduling over multiple parallel (unreliable) links have the potential to provide reliable, latency-bounded communication for applications wit…
Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication has recently attracted significant attention from both industrial and academic communities. The large bandwidth availability as well as low interference nature of mmWave spectrum is particularly attractive for industrial communication. However, inherent challenges such as coverage and blockage of mmWave communication cause highly fluctuated channel quality. This paper explores wireless medium access control (MAC) schedulers for mmWave-based industrial wireless applications. Our objective is to design a high-performance and enhanced fairness MAC scheduling…
Industrial internet of Things (IIoT) are gaining popularity for use in large-scale applications such as oil-field management (e.g., $74\times 8$km$^2$ East Texas Oil-field), smart farming, smart manufacturing, smart grid, and data center power management. These applications require the wireless stack to provide a scalable, reliable, low-power and low-latency communication. To realize a predictable and reliable communication in a highly unreliable wireless environment, industrial wireless standards use a centralized wireless stack design. In a centralized wireless stack design, a central manage…
In this work, we consider latency in wireless networks, motivated by the need for reliable and low-latency wireless communication for applications such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication and industrial automation. The environment that these applications operate in is often highly dynamic, and, as a result, the wireless network technology used needs to be able to adapt to changing conditions, which makes mesh networking a good fit. Hence, in this work, we consider Thread and Bluetooth Mesh, two prominent mesh networking technologies. We measure one-way point-to-point latency using these techno…
LLM-Empowered Agentic AI for QoE-Aware Network Slicing Management in Industrial IoT
State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学网络与交换技术国家重点实验室）；College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学计算与数据科学学院）；Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong（香港大学电子电气工程学系）；School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney（悉尼大学电气与计算机工程学院）
Hitachi (China) Research & Development Cooperation（日立（中国）研发有限公司）
In federated learning (FL), devices contribute to the global training by uploading their local model updates via wireless channels. Due to limited computation and communication resources, device scheduling is crucial to the convergence rate of FL. In this paper, we propose a joint device scheduling and resource allocation policy to maximize the model accuracy within a given total training time budget for latency constrained wireless FL. A lower bound on the reciprocal of the training performance loss, in terms of the number of training rounds and the number of scheduled devices per round, is d…
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) group "IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e" (6TiSCH) introduced a protocol, utilizing Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) from IEEE802.15.4e due to its high reliability and time-deterministic characteristic, that achieves industrial performance requirements while offering the benefits of IP connectivity. This work proposes the addition of a second radio interface in 6TiSCH devices to operate a parallel network in sub-GHz, introducing transmit diversity while benefiting from decreased path-loss and reduced interference. Simulation results show an…
We consider the problem of allocating 5G radio resources over wireless communication links to control a series of independent low-latency wireless control systems common in industrial settings. Each control system sends state information to the base station to compute control signals under tight latency requirements. Such latency requirements can be met by restricting the uplink traffic to a single subframe in each 5G frame, thus ensuring a millisecond latency bound while leaving the remaining subframes available for scheduling overhead and coexisting broadband traffic. A linear assignment pro…
The 5G Phase-2 and beyond wireless systems will focus more on vertical applications such as autonomous driving and industrial Internet-of-things, many of which are categorized as ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (uRLLC). In this article, an alternative view on uRLLC is presented, that information latency, which measures the distortion of information resulted from time lag of its acquisition process, is more relevant than conventional communication latency of uRLLC in wireless networked control systems. An AI-assisted Situationally-aware Multi-Agent Reinforcement learning framework for…
Future industrial applications will encompass compelling new use cases requiring stringent performance guarantees over multiple key performance indicators (KPI) such as reliability, dependability, latency, time synchronization, security, etc. Achieving such stringent and diverse service requirements necessitates the design of a special-purpose Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) network comprising a multitude of specialized functionalities and technological enablers. This article proposes an innovative architecture for such a special-purpose 6G IIoT network incorporating seven functional buil…
In this paper, we propose a novel resource management scheme that jointly allocates the transmit power and computational resources in a centralized radio access network architecture. The network comprises a set of computing nodes to which the requested tasks of different users are offloaded. The optimization problem minimizes the energy consumption of task offloading while takes the end-to-end latency, i.e., the transmission, execution, and propagation latencies of each task, into account. We aim to allocate the transmit power and computational resources such that the maximum acceptable latenc…
In wireless industrial networks, the information of time-sensitive control systems needs to be transmitted in an ultra-reliable and low-latency manner. This letter studies the resource allocation problem in finite blocklength transmission, in which the information freshness is measured as the age of information (AoI) whose maximal AoI is characterized using extreme value theory (EVT). The considered system design is to minimize the sensors' transmit power and transmission blocklength subject to constraints on the maximal AoI's tail behavior. The studied problem is solved using Lyapunov stochas…
Cellular networks provide communication for different applications. Some applications have strict and very short latency requirements, while others require high bandwidth with varying priorities. The challenge of satisfying the requirements grows in congested traffic where some packets might miss their deadlines. Unfortunately, we prove that the problem is NP-Hard. To overcome this, we propose a new scheduling policy for packets with multiple priorities, latency requirements, and strict deadlines. To alleviate the complexity, our solution incorporates a novel time domain relaxation solved by l…
One of the main revolutionary features of 5G networks is the ultra-low latency that will enable new services such as those for the future smart vehicles. The 5G technology will be able to support extreme-low latency. Thanks to new technologies and the wide flexible architecture that integrates new spectra and access technologies. In particular, Visible Light Communication (VLC) is envisaged as a very promising technology for vehicular communications, since the information can flow by using the lights (as traffic-lights and car lights). This paper describes one of the first experiments on the j…
