In this paper, we investigate Riesz energy problems on unbounded conductors in $\R^d$ in the presence of general external fields $Q$, not necessarily satisfying the growth condition $Q(x)\to\infty$ as $x\to\infty$ assumed in several previous studies. We provide sufficient conditions on $Q$ for the existence of an equilibrium measure and the compactness of its support. Particular attention is paid to the case of the hyperplanar conductor $\R^{d}$, embedded in $\R^{d+1}$, when the external field is created by the potential of a signed measure $ν$ outside of $\R^{d}$. Simple cases where $ν$ is a discrete measure are analyzed in detail. New theoretic results for Riesz potentials, in particular an extension of a classical theorem by de La Vallée-Poussin, are established. These results are of independent interest.
The purpose of this work is twofold. First, we aim to extend for $0<s<1$ the results of one of the authors about equilibrium measures in the real axis in external fields created by point-mass charges for the case of logarithmic potentials ($s=0$). Our second motivation comes from the work of the other two authors on Riesz $s$-equilibrium problems on finitely many intervals on the real line in the presence of external fields. They have shown that when the signed equilibrium measure has concave positive part on every interval, then the $s$-equilibrium support is also a union of finitely many int…
In this paper we derive a new strong convergence theorem of Riesz logarithmic means of the one-dimensional Vilenkin-Fourier (Walsh-Fourier) series. The corresponding inequality is pointed out and it is also proved that the inequality is in a sense sharp, at least for the case with Walsh-Fourier series.
We consider the minimum Riesz $s$-energy problem on the unit disk $\mathbb D:=\{(x_1,\ldots,x_d)\in\mathbb R^d: x_1=0, x_2^2+x_3^2+\ldots+x_d^2\leq 1\}$ in the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^d$, $d\geq 3$, immersed into a smooth rotationally invariant external field $Q$. The charges are assumed to interact via the Riesz potential $1/r^s$, with $d-3 < s < d-1$, where $r$ denotes the Euclidean distance. We solve the problem by finding an explicit expression for the extremal measure. We then consider applications to a monomial external field and an external field generated by a positive point charge,…
Let $\mathcal L=-Δ+V$ be a Schrödinger operator, where $Δ$ is the Laplacian on $\mathbb R^d$ and the nonnegative potential $V$ belongs to the reverse Hölder class $RH_q$ for $q\geq d$. The Riesz transform associated with the operator $\mathcal L=-Δ+V$ is denoted by $\mathcal R=\nabla{(-Δ+V)}^{-1/2}$ and the dual Riesz transform is denoted by $\mathcal R^{\ast}=(-Δ+V)^{-1/2}\nabla$. In this paper, we first introduce some kinds of weighted Morrey spaces related to certain nonnegative potentials belonging to the reverse Hölder class $RH_q$ for $q\geq d$. Then we will establish the boundedness pro…
Via chirp functions from fractional Fourier transforms, the authors introduce fractional Riesz potentials related to chirp functions, establish their relations with fractional Fourier transforms, fractional Laplace operators related to chirp functions, and fractional Riesz transforms related to chirp functions, and obtain their boundedness on rotation invariant spaces related to chirp functions. Finally, the authors give the numerical image simulation of fractional Riesz potentials related to chirp functions and their applications in image processing. The main novelty of this article is to pro…
For a compact $ d $-dimensional rectifiable subset of $ \mathbb{R}^{p} $ we study asymptotic properties as $ N\to\infty $ of $N$-point configurations minimizing the energy arising from a Riesz $ s $-potential $ 1/r^s $ and an external field in the hypersingular case $ s\geq d$. Formulas for the weak$ ^* $ limit of normalized counting measures of such optimal point sets and the first-order asymptotic values of minimal energy are obtained. As an application, we derive a method for generating configurations whose normalized counting measures converge to a given absolutely continuous measure suppo…
The paper deals with minimum energy problems in the presence of external fields with respect to the Riesz kernels $|x-y|^{α-n}$, $0<α<n$, on $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geqslant2$. For quite a general (not necessarily lower semicontinuous) external field $f$, we obtain necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the existence of $λ_{A,f}$ minimizing the Gauss functional \[\int|x-y|^{α-n}\,d(μ\otimesμ)(x,y)+2\int f\,dμ\] over all positive Radon measures $μ$ with $μ(\mathbb R^n)=1$, concentrated on quite a general (not necessarily closed) $A\subset\mathbb R^n$. We also provide various alternative character…
We obtain new asymptotic results about systems of $ N $ particles governed by Riesz interactions involving $ k $-nearest neighbors of each particle as $N\to\infty$. These results include a generalization to weighted Riesz potentials with external field. Such interactions offer an appealing alternative to other approaches for reducing the computational complexity of an $ N $-body interaction. We find the first-order term of the large $ N $ asymptotics and characterize the limiting distribution of the minimizers. We also obtain results about the $ Γ$-convergence of such interactions, and describ…
This paper is the continuation of the study on discrete harmonic analysis related to Jacobi expansions initiated in [1]. Considering the operator $\mathcal{J}^{(α,β)}=J^{(α,β)}-I$, where $J^{(α,β)}$ is the three-term recurrence relation for the normalized Jacobi polynomials and $I$ is the identity operator, we focus on the study of weighted inequalities for the Riesz transform associated with it.
In this paper, the mean value formula depends on the Bessel generalized shift operator corresponding to the solutions of the boundary value problem related to the Bessel operator are studied. In addition to, Riesz Bessel transforms related to the Bessel operators are studied. Since Bessel generalized shift operator is translation operator corresponding to the Bessel operator, we construct a family of RBxj by using Bessel generalized shift operator. Finally, we analysis weighted inequalities involving Riesz Bessel transforms .
We prove a large deviation principle for the sequence of push-forwards of empirical measures in the setting of Riesz potential interactions on compact subsets K in R^d with continuous external fields. Our results are valid for base measures on K satisfying a strong Bernstein-Markov type property for Riesz potentials. Furthermore, we give sufficient conditions on K (which are satisfied if K is a smooth submanifold) so that a measure on K which satisfies a mass-density condition will also satisfy this strong Bernstein-Markov property.
Minimum Riesz energy problems in the presence of an external field are analyzed for a condenser with touching plates. We obtain sufficient and/or necessary conditions for the solvability of these problems in both the unconstrained and the constrained settings, investigate the properties of minimizers, and prove their uniqueness. Furthermore, characterization theorems in terms of variational inequalities for the weighted potentials are established. The results obtained are illustrated by several examples.
We prove that directional wavelet projections and Riesz transforms are related by interpolatory estimates. The exponents of interpolation depend on the Hölder estimates of the wavelet system. This paper complements and continues previous work on Haar projections.
We consider a generalization of the Riesz operator in $R^d$ and obtain estimates for its norm and for related capacities via the modified Wolff potential. These estimates are based on the certain version of $T1$ theorem for Calderón-Zygmund operators in metric spaces. We extend two versions of Calderón-Zygmund capacities in $R^d$ to metric spaces and establish their equivalence (under certain conditions). As an application, we extend the known relations between $s$-Riesz capacities, $0<s<d$, and the capacities in Nonlinear Potential Theory, to the case $s=0$.
In this paper we prove mixed norm estimates for Riesz transforms related to Laplace--Beltrami operators on compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank one. These operators are closely related to the Riesz transforms for Jacobi polynomials expansions. The key point is to obtain sharp estimates for the kernel of the Jacobi--Riesz transforms with uniform control on the parameters, together with an adaptation of Rubio de Francia's extrapolation theorem. The latter results are of independent interest.
We study minimum energy problems relative to the $α$-Riesz kernel $|x-y|^{α-n}$, $α\in(0,2]$, over signed Radon measures $μ$ on $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geqslant3$, associated with a generalized condenser $(A_1,A_2)$, where $A_1$ is a relatively closed subset of a domain $D$ and $A_2=\mathbb R^n\setminus D$. We show that, though $A_2\cap\mathrm{Cl}_{\mathbb R^n}A_1$ may have nonzero capacity, this minimum energy problem is uniquely solvable (even in the presence of an external field) if we restrict ourselves to $μ$ with $μ^+\leqslantξ$, where a constraint $ξ$ is properly chosen. We establish the shar…
Some sharp results related to the convergence of means and families of operators generated by the generalized Bochner-Riesz kernels are obtained. The exact order of approximation of functions by these methods via $K$-functional (or its realization in the case of the space $L_p$, $0<p<1$) is derived.
In this paper, we study the $L^p$-Bochner-Riesz mean summability problem related to the spectrum of some particular Sturm-Liouville operators in the weighted $L^p([a,b],ω).$ Our purpose is to establish suitable conditions under which the Bochner-Riesz expansion of a function $f \in L^p([a,b],ω)$,$1<p<\infty$, in two generalisations of Slepian's basis, converges to $f$ in $L^p([a,b],ω)$.
For the Riesz kernel $κ_α(x,y):=|x-y|^{α-n}$, $0<α<n$, on $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geqslant2$, we introduce the inner pseudo-balayage $\hatω^A$ of a (Radon) measure $ω$ on $\mathbb R^n$ to a set $A\subset\mathbb R^n$ as the (unique) measure minimizing the Gauss functional \[\intκ_α(x,y)\,d(μ\otimesμ)(x,y)-2\intκ_α(x,y)\,d(ω\otimesμ)(x,y)\] over the class $\mathcal E^+(A)$ of all positive measures $μ$ of finite energy, concentrated on $A$. For quite general signed $ω$ (not necessarily of finite energy) and $A$ (not necessarily closed), such $\hatω^A$ does exist, and it maintains the basic features of …
We study the constrained minimum energy problem with an external field relative to the $α$-Riesz kernel $|x-y|^{α-n}$ of order $α\in(0,n)$ for a generalized condenser $\mathbf A=(A_i)_{i\in I}$ in $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geqslant 3$, whose oppositely charged plates intersect each other over a set of zero capacity. Conditions sufficient for the existence of minimizers are found, and their uniqueness and vague compactness are studied. Conditions obtained are shown to be sharp. We also analyze continuity of the minimizers in the vague and strong topologies when the condenser and the constraint both var…
This article focuses on $L^p$ estimates for objects associated to elliptic operators in divergence form: its semigroup, the gradient of the semigroup, functional calculus, square functions and Riesz transforms. We introduce four critical numbers associated to the semigroup and its gradient that completely rule the ranges of exponents for the $L^p$ estimates. It appears that the case $p<2$ already treated earlier is radically different from the case $p>2$ which is new. We thus recover in a unified and coherent way many $L^p$ estimates and give further applications. The key tools from harmonic a…
For a finite collection $\mathbf A=(A_i)_{i\in I}$ of locally closed sets in $\mathbb R^n$, $n\geqslant3$, with the sign $\pm1$ prescribed such that the oppositely charged plates are mutually disjoint, we consider the minimum energy problem relative to the $α$-Riesz kernel $|x-y|^{α-n}$, $α\in(0,2]$, over positive vector Radon measures $\boldsymbolμ=(μ^i)_{i\in I}$ such that each $μ^i$, $i\in I$, is carried by $A_i$ and normalized by $μ^i(A_i)=a_i\in(0,\infty)$. We show that, though the closures of oppositely charged plates may intersect each other even in a set of nonzero capacity, this probl…
The aim of this note is to provide a full space quadratic external field extension of a classical result of Marcel Riesz for the equilibrium measure on a ball with respect to Riesz s-kernels. We address the case s=d-3 for arbitrary dimension d, in particular the logarithmic kernel in dimension 3. The equilibrium measure for this full space external field problem turns out to be a radial arcsine distribution supported on a ball with a special radius. As a corollary, we obtain new integral identities involving special functions such as elliptic integrals and more generally hypergeometric functio…
We compute the equilibrium measure in dimension d=s+4 associated to a Riesz s-kernel interaction with an external field given by a power of the Euclidean norm. Our study reveals that the equilibrium measure can be a mixture of a continuous part and a singular part. Depending on the value of the power, a threshold phenomenon occurs and consists of a dimension reduction or condensation on the singular part. In particular, in the logarithmic case s=0 (d=4), there is condensation on a sphere of special radius when the power of the external field becomes quadratic. This contrasts with the case d=s+…
We proceed further with the study of minimum weak Riesz energy problems for condensers with touching plates, initiated jointly with Bent Fuglede (Potential Anal. 51 (2019), 197--217). Having now added to the analysis constraint and external source of energy, we obtain a Gauss type problem, but with weak energy involved. We establish sufficient and/or necessary conditions for the existence of solutions to the problem and describe their potentials. Treating the solution as a function of the condenser and the constraint, we prove its continuity relative to the vague topology and the topologies de…
We study differentiability properties of Riesz potentials of finite Borel measures in dimension d larger than 2. The Riesz kernel has homogeneity 2-d. In dimension 2 we consider logarithmic potentials. We introduce a notion of differentiability in the capacity sense, capacity being Newtonian capacity in dimension larger than 2 and Wiener capacity in the plane. It turns out that differentiability in the capacity sense at a point is related to the existence of principal values of the measure with respect to the vector valued Riesz potential x/|x|^d of homogeneity 1-d. This leads to Calderón-Zygm…
We investigate minimum weak $α$-Riesz energy problems with external fields in both the unconstrained and constrained settings for generalized condensers $(A_1,A_2)$ such that the closures of $A_1$ and $A_2$ in $\mathbb R^n$ are allowed to intersect one another. (Such problems with the standard $α$-Riesz energy in place of the weak one would be unsolvable, which justifies the need for the concept of weak energy when dealing with condenser problems.) We obtain sufficient and/or necessary conditions for the existence of minimizers, provide descriptions of their supports and potentials, and single…
We consider a regular indefinite Sturm-Liouville eigenvalue problem \{$-f" + q f = λr f$} on $[a,b]$ subject to general self-adjoint boundary conditions and with a weight function $r$ which changes its sign at finitely many, so-called turning points. We give sufficient and in some cases necessary and sufficient conditions for the Riesz basis property of this eigenvalue problem. In the case of separated boundary conditions we extend the class of weight functions $r$ for which the Riesz basis property can be completely characterized in terms of the local behavior of $r$ in a neighborhood of the …
The purpose of this paper is to give a simple proof of sharp $L^\infty$ estimates for the eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet Laplacian on smooth compact Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$ of dimension $n\ge 2$ with boundary $\partial M$ and then to use these estimates to prove new estimates for Bochner Riesz means in this setting. Our eigenfunction estimates involve estimating the $L^2\to L^\infty$ mapping properties of the operators $χ_λ$ which project onto unit bands of the spectrum of the square root of the Laplacian. These generalize the recent estimates of D. Grieser for individual eigenfunctions.…
We study a constrained minimum energy problem with an external field relative to the Riesz kernel of an arbitrary order for a generalized condenser with touching oppositely-charged plates. Conditions sufficient for the solvability of the problem are obtained. Our arguments are mainly based on the definition of an appropriate metric structure on a set of vector measures associated with a generalized condenser and the establishment of a completeness theorem for the corresponding metric space.
In this article, the authors introduce a class of mixed-norm Herz spaces, $\dot{E}^{\vecα,\vec{p}}_{\vec{q}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$, which is a natural generalization of mixed Lebesgue spaces and some special cases of which naturally appear in the study of the summability of Fourier transforms on mixed-norm Lebesgue spaces. The authors also give their dual spaces and obtain the Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem on $\dot{E}^{\vecα,\vec{p}}_{\vec{q}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. Applying these Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem and using some ideas from the extrapolation theorem, the authors establish both the …
The paper deals with minimum energy problems in the presence of external fields on a locally compact space $X$ with respect to a function kernel $κ$ satisfying the energy and consistency principles. For quite a general (not necessarily lower semicontinuous) external field $f$, we establish sufficient and/or necessary conditions for the existence of $λ_{A,f}$ minimizing the Gauss functional \[\intκ(x,y)\,d(μ\otimesμ)(x,y)+2\int f\,dμ\] over all positive Radon measures $μ$ with $μ(X)=1$, concentrated on quite a general (not necessarily closed or bounded) $A\subset X$, thereby giving an answer to…
We study a physical system of $N$ interacting particles in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq1$, subject to pair repulsion and confined by an external field. We establish a large deviations principle for their empirical distribution as $N$ tends to infinity. In the case of Riesz interaction, including Coulomb interaction in arbitrary dimension $d>2$, the rate function is strictly convex and admits a unique minimum, the equilibrium measure, characterized via its potential. It follows that almost surely, the empirical distribution of the particles tends to this equilibrium measure as $N$ tends to infinity. …
Another look at regularity in transport-commutator estimates
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université de Paris, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL)（索邦大学、法国国家科学研究中心、巴黎大学、雅克-路易·利翁斯实验室）；Institut Universitaire de France（法国高等研究院）；Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University（纽约大学库朗数学科学研究所）
A multivariable generalisation of the Bessel polynomials is introduced and studied. In particular, we deduce their series expansion in Jack polynomials, a limit transition from multivariable Jacobi polynomials, a sequence of algebraically independent eigenoperators, Pieri type recurrence relations, and certain orthogonality properties. We also show that these multivariable Bessel polynomials provide a (finite) set of eigenfunctions of the hyperbolic Sutherland model with external Morse potential.
