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arXiv 2104.03161astro-ph.SR
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盖亚时代的S星和S过程II。用富Tc的S星约束第三次挖掘的光度

S stars and s-process in the Gaia era II. Constraining the luminosity of the third dredge-up with Tc-rich S stars

Shreeya Shetye, Sophie Van Eck, Alain Jorissen, Stephane Goriely, Lionel Siess, Hans Van Winckel, Bertrand Plez, Michel Godefroid, George Wallerstein

备注：
22 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Section 7. Stellar structure and evolution of Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A)
发表信息：
A&A 650, A118 (2021)
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摘要：

S星是晚型巨星，是渐近巨星分支（AGB）上M型星和碳星之间的过渡天体。它们被分为两种类型：内在的或外在的，基于锝（Tc）的存在或不存在。富Tc星或内禀S星是热脉冲（TP-）AGB星，内部产生s-过程元素（包括Tc），这些元素通过第三次疏浚（TDU）被带到它们的表面。贫Tc星或外生S星通过吸积AGB伴星的s过程富集物质获得了它们的s过程过量，AGB伴星后来变成了昏暗的白矮星。我们的目标是调查富Tc S星的演化状态，通过使用盖亚早期数据发布3（EDR 3）的结果将它们定位在赫兹-罗素（HR）图中。我们将当前的13颗富Tc恒星样本与我们先前对10颗富Tc恒星的研究相结合，以确定TDU在金属丰度范围[-0.7; 0]内的观测起始点。我们还比较了我们的丰度测定与专用AGB核合成预测。恒星参数的推导使用的迭代工具，它结合了HERMES高分辨率光谱，准确的盖亚EDR 3弛豫时间，恒星演化模型和定制的MARCS模型的S-型星的大气。利用这些恒星参数，我们通过线合成确定了重元素丰度。在HR图中，本征S星位于比预测的TDU起始点更高的光度处。这些发现与富Tc的S星是真正的TP-AGB星是一致的。我们的内在S星的核合成预测的派生的S-过程丰度配置文件的比较提供了一个整体良好的协议。具有最高[s/Fe]的恒星往往具有最高的C/O比。

英文摘要：

S stars are late-type giants that are transition objects between M-type stars and carbon stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). They are classified into two types: intrinsic or extrinsic, based on the presence or absence of technetium (Tc). The Tc-rich or intrinsic S stars are thermally-pulsing (TP-)AGB stars internally producing s-process elements (including Tc) which are brought to their surface via the third dredge-up (TDU). Tc-poor or extrinsic S stars gained their s-process overabundances via accretion of s-process-rich material from an AGB companion which has since turned into a dim white dwarf. Our goal is to investigate the evolutionary status of Tc-rich S stars by locating them in a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram using the results of Gaia early Data Release 3 (EDR3). We combine the current sample of 13 Tc-rich stars with our previous studies of 10 Tc-rich stars to determine the observational onset of the TDU in the metallicity range [-0.7; 0]. We also compare our abundance determinations with dedicated AGB nucleosynthesis predictions. The stellar parameters are derived using an iterative tool which combines HERMES high-resolution spectra, accurate Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, stellar evolution models and tailored MARCS model atmospheres for S-type stars. Using these stellar parameters we determine the heavy-element abundances by line synthesis. In the HR diagram, the intrinsic S stars are located at higher luminosities than the predicted onset of the TDU. These findings are consistent with Tc-rich S stars being genuinely TP-AGB stars. The comparison of the derived s-process abundance profiles of our intrinsic S stars with the nucleosynthesis predictions provide an overall good agreement. Stars with highest [s/Fe] tend to have the highest C/O ratios.

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