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arXiv 2103.11290cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.mes-hall
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旋量凝聚体中一级量子相变的热标度观测

Observation of heat scaling across a first-order quantum phase transition in a spinor condensate

Haiyu Liang, Liyuan Qiu, Yanbin Yang, Haoxiang Yang, Tian Tian, Yong Xu, Luming Duan

摘要:

由于绝热过程破裂而产生的热是热力学的中心概念之一。在孤立系中,热量可以定义为由于不同能级之间的转变而产生的能量增加。在二阶量子相变(QPT)中,理论上预测热呈现幂律标度,但这对实验观察是一个重大挑战。此外,它仍然难以捉摸的幂律缩放的热量是否可以存在一阶QPT。在这里,我们实验观察到的幂律缩放时,一个系统是线性驱动的极性相反铁磁相跨越一阶QPT的旋量凝聚体中的热量。我们通过探测超精细能级上的原子数来实验评估两个非平衡过程中产生的热量。实验测得的标度指数与数值模拟结果吻合良好。因此,我们的工作开辟了一个新的途径,在实验和理论上探索非平衡动力学中的热的性质。

英文摘要:

Heat generated as a result of the breakdown of an adiabatic process is one of the central concepts of thermodynamics. In isolated systems, the heat can be defined as an energy increase due to transitions between distinct energy levels. Across a second-order quantum phase transition (QPT), the heat is predicted theoretically to exhibit a power-law scaling, but it is a significant challenge for an experimental observation. In addition, it remains elusive whether a power-law scaling of heat can exist for a first-order QPT. Here we experimentally observe a power-law scaling of heat in a spinor condensate when a system is linearly driven from a polar phase to an antiferromagnetic phase across a first-order QPT. We experimentally evaluate the heat generated during two non-equilibrium processes by probing the atom number on a hyperfine energy level. The experimentally measured scaling exponents agree well with our numerical simulation results. Our work therefore opens a new avenue to experimentally and theoretically exploring the properties of heat in non-equilibrium dynamics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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