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arXiv 2103.10465astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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极低质量恒星CIDA 1周围的明亮内盘和过渡盘中的结构

A bright inner disk and structures in the transition disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1

P. Pinilla, N. T. Kurtovic, M. Benisty, C. F. Manara, A. Natta, E. Sanchis, M. Tazzari, S. M. Stammler, L. Ricci, L. Testi

摘要:

对极低质量恒星和褐矮星周围的原行星盘的观测仍然具有挑战性,对它们的性质知之甚少。围绕CIDA 1的盘($\sim$ 0.1-0.2 $M_\odot$)是极少数已知的盘之一,它拥有一个大的空腔(半径为20 au),围绕着一颗质量很低的恒星。本文给出了CIDA 1波段7(0.9mm)和波段4(2.1mm)的ALMA新观测,分辨率为$\sim 0.05''\times 0.034''$。这些新的ALMA观测揭示了一个非常明亮和未解决的内部磁盘,浅光谱指数的尘埃排放($\sim2$),和一个复杂的形态环位于20 au。我们还提出了X-Shooter(VLT)的观测结果,证实了$\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$ =1.4 $\times~10^{-8}M_\odot$ /年的CIDA 1的高吸积率。这个高值的$\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$,观察到的内部磁盘,和20 AU的大空腔排除光蒸发模型来解释观察到的空腔。当将这些观测结果与结合行星-盘相互作用、尘埃演化和辐射转移的模型进行比较时,我们排除了质量大于0.5 $M_{\rm{Jup}}$的行星作为大空洞的潜在来源,因为这些行星很难保持长寿命和明亮的内盘。即使在这种行星质量状态下,也可能需要额外的物理过程来阻止粒子向内迁移,并在数百万年的时间尺度上保持明亮的内盘。这种机制包括一个由非常接近的额外行星或死区的内边缘形成的陷阱。CIDA 1周围的盘的低光谱指数很难解释,并挑战了我们目前的尘埃演化模型,特别是像破碎,生长和压力隆起内颗粒扩散等过程。

英文摘要:

Observations of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs remain challenging and little is known about their properties. The disk around CIDA1 ($\sim$0.1-0.2$M_\odot$) is one of the very few known disks that host a large cavity (20au radius in size) around a very low-mass star. We present new ALMA observations at Band7 (0.9mm) and Band4 (2.1mm) of CIDA1 with a resolution of $\sim 0.05''\times 0.034''$. These new ALMA observations reveal a very bright and unresolved inner disk, a shallow spectral index of the dust emission ($\sim2$), and a complex morphology of a ring located at 20au. We also present X-Shooter (VLT) observations that confirm the high accretion rate of CIDA1 of $\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$=1.4 $\times~10^{-8}M_\odot$/yr. This high value of $\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$, the observed inner disk, and the large cavity of 20au exclude models of photo-evaporation to explain the observed cavity. When comparing these observations with models that combine planet-disk interaction, dust evolution, and radiative transfer, we exclude planets more massive than 0.5$M_{\rm{Jup}}$ as the potential origin of the large cavity because with these it is difficult to maintain a long-lived and bright inner disk. Even in this planet mass regime, an additional physical process may be needed to stop the particles from migrating inwards and to maintain a bright inner disk on timescales of millions of years. Such mechanisms include a trap formed by a very close-in extra planet or the inner edge of a dead zone. The low spectral index of the disk around CIDA1 is difficult to explain and challenges our current dust evolution models, in particular processes like fragmentation, growth, and diffusion of particles inside pressure bumps.

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