Observations of protoplanetary disks around very low-mass stars and brown dwarfs remain challenging and little is known about their properties. The disk around CIDA1 ($\sim$0.1-0.2$M_\odot$) is one of the very few known disks that host a large cavity (20au radius in size) around a very low-mass star. We present new ALMA observations at Band7 (0.9mm) and Band4 (2.1mm) of CIDA1 with a resolution of $\sim 0.05''\times 0.034''$. These new ALMA observations reveal a very bright and unresolved inner disk, a shallow spectral index of the dust emission ($\sim2$), and a complex morphology of a ring located at 20au. We also present X-Shooter (VLT) observations that confirm the high accretion rate of CIDA1 of $\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$=1.4 $\times~10^{-8}M_\odot$/yr. This high value of $\dot{M}_{\rm acc}$, the observed inner disk, and the large cavity of 20au exclude models of photo-evaporation to explain the observed cavity. When comparing these observations with models that combine planet-disk interaction, dust evolution, and radiative transfer, we exclude planets more massive than 0.5$M_{\rm{Jup}}$ as the potential origin of the large cavity because with these it is difficult to maintain a long-lived and bright inner disk. Even in this planet mass regime, an additional physical process may be needed to stop the particles from migrating inwards and to maintain a bright inner disk on timescales of millions of years. Such mechanisms include a trap formed by a very close-in extra planet or the inner edge of a dead zone. The low spectral index of the disk around CIDA1 is difficult to explain and challenges our current dust evolution models, in particular processes like fragmentation, growth, and diffusion of particles inside pressure bumps.
The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): X. Multiple rings, a misaligned inner disk, and a bright arc in the disk around the T Tauri star HD 143006
The inner structure of the TW Hya Disk as revealed in scattered light
利用哈勃空间望远镜/STIS和NICMOS的非偏振多波长图像,在0 \farcs 4(22天文单位)的内工作角下,观测到TW Hya盘内部在40天文单位的显著变化。我们的图像显示了在每个波长下具有类似行为的清除的外边缘,表明该特征是结构性的,而不是由于圆盘中的偏振光的某些特性。我们将我们的观测结果与Akiyama et al.(2015)和Rapson et al.(2015)的观测结果进行了比较,并讨论了80~AU圆盘内部的光谱演化。我们建立了一个模型,两个间隙:一个在30~AU和一个在80~AU,拟合观测到的表面亮度轮廓,但高估了磁盘的绝对亮度。我们的模型需要一个额外的调光与观察一致,我们暂时归因于阴影。在散射光中看到的间隙结构在空间上与CO和N $_2$ H $^+$的亚毫米检测一致,并且接近这些分子种类的预期凝结前沿,提供了在散射光中看到的结构可能与盘中的化学变化相关的初步证据。
Axisymmetric Modeling of DSHARP Dusty Disks: Asymmetric Structures and Inner-Disk Dispersal
College of Science, Ibaraki University(茨城大学理学部);Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University(上海交通大学李政道研究所);RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research(理化学院先锋研究集群);Division of Liberal Arts, Kogakuin University(工学院大学人文学部);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台)
Resolving HD 100546 disc in the mid-infrared: Small inner disc and asymmetry near the gap
HD 100546周围大约有半个太阳系尺度的区域基本上没有气体和尘埃,与明亮的外盘形成对比。然而,在恒星附近观察到一些物质。我们调查了尘埃是如何分布的差距内和外,并约束光盘的几何形状与中红外干涉观测使用VLTI/VLBI。由于基线长度为40米,我们的长基线观测对恒星内部的几个天文单位很敏感,我们将它们与较短的15米基线观测相结合,以探测距离恒星20天文单位的间隙之外的发射。我们使用径向温度分布模拟中红外发射。我们的模型是由无限小的同心环发射的黑体,它有不同的内部和外部盘组件。根据我们最长的基线数据,我们推导出内盘径向尺寸的上限为0.7AU。这个小的尘埃盘与外盘的边缘被一个大约10 AU宽的大间隙隔开。我们的短基线数据在11+-1AU处放置了一个明亮的发射环,与之前对间隙和外盘之间的过渡区域(称为盘壁)的观察一致。倾角和位置角由我们的数据约束为i=53+-8度和PA=145+-5度。与边缘和外盘几何结构相比,这表明共面性。亮度不对称性在短基线和长基线数据中都很明显,并且可以从任何大气或仪器效应中清楚地辨别出来。不对称的起源与明亮的盘壁一致,我们发现它的宽度为1-2AU。间隙中没有微米级的灰尘,但我们不能排除存在较大的颗粒和/或扰动体。
Observational and Theoretical study of the inner region of HH 30
HH 30是一颗金牛座T星。在这篇论文中,测光和偏振观测通过源的报告。这些观测是使用墨西哥国家天文台(OAN-SPM)的84厘米望远镜进行的。本文还利用Watson和Henney(2001)的蒙特卡罗程序求解了辐射转移方程,提出了一个光源亮度模型。我修改了这个代码,以包括极化。我使用Wood y Whitney(1998)的参数计算HH 30中观察到的偏振变化。
Shadows cast by precessing annuli as evidence for an inclined planet in HD 139614
University of Exeter(埃克塞特大学);University of Nebraska-Lincoln(内布拉斯加大学林肯分校);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of Exeter Medical School(埃克塞特大学医学院);NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West (ARC South West)(NIHR西南应用研究合作中心(ARC西南));Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所)
通过分析 HD 139614 的多历元散射光图像,结合一维翘曲模型,证明内环进动投射阴影,为倾斜行星的存在提供证据。