进动环状结构投射的阴影:HD 139614 中存在倾斜行星的证据
Shadows cast by precessing annuli as evidence for an inclined planet in HD 139614
浏览论文内容
中文总结 AI 辅助
通过分析 HD 139614 的多历元散射光图像,结合一维翘曲模型,证明内环进动投射阴影,为倾斜行星的存在提供证据。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们分析了使用 GPI 和 SPHERE 仪器拍摄的原行星盘 HD 139614 在多个历元的散射光图像。我们展示了内亮环(13-21 au)的表面亮度方位角分布随时间变化(可能由内盘约 1 au 处的结构引起),并将这种变化的时间尺度限制为小于 11 个月。我们表明内弧(31-44 au)很可能是一个紧密缠绕的旋臂,测量其螺距角为 6.1±1.2°。此外,我们构建了一个物理模型来解释跨越外盘约 2/3 的宽阴影以及方位角不对称的亮环(其阴影与宽阴影不对齐)。我们使用一维翘曲方程和快速辐射传输代码对盘进行建模,以产生散射光图像。我们将盘设置为由间隙分隔的三个环,并在内两个环之间放置一个倾斜的扰动行星。行星导致内环独立倾斜和进动,在外部(未倾斜)环上投射宽阴影。这些阴影组合起来产生跨越外盘约 2/3 的阴影和一个不对称的亮环,这与 HD 139614 的观测结果相符。环的进动是周期性的(因此模型多次匹配观测结果),进动时间尺度较长(内环和中环分别为 8.4×10^3 年和 7.2×10^4 年),因此阴影在可观测的时间尺度上实际上是静态的。
英文摘要
We analyse scattered-light images at multiple epochs of the protoplanetary disc HD139614 taken with GPI and SPHERE instruments. We show that the azimuthal distribution of the surface brightness of the inner bright ring ($13-21$au) varies with time (likely caused by a structure in the inner-disc at $\sim1$au) and constrain the timescale of this variation to be $<11$months. We show that inner arc ($31-44$au) is likely a spiral and tightly wound, measuring a pitch angle of $6.1\pm1.2^\circ$. Additionally, we construct a physical model to explain the broad shadow across $\sim2/3$ of the outer disc and the azimuthally asymmetric bright ring (which has a shadow not aligned with the broad shadow). We model the disc using 1D warp equations with a fast radiative transfer code to produce scattered-light images. We setup the disc as three annuli separated by gaps with an inclined perturbing planet between the inner two annuli. The planet causes the inner annuli to tilt and precess independently casting broad shadows across the outer (un-tilted) annulus. These shadows combine to produce a shadow across $\sim2/3$ of the outer disc and an asymmetric bright ring which matches the observations of HD139614. The precession of the annuli is periodic (so the model matches the observations multiple times) with long precession time-scales ($8.4\times10^3$ and $7.2\times10^4$years for the inner and middle annulus respectively) so the shadows are effectively static over accessible observational time-scales.
发表机构
- University of Exeter(埃克塞特大学)
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln(内布拉斯加大学林肯分校)
- University of Michigan(密歇根大学)
- University of Exeter Medical School(埃克塞特大学医学院)
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West (ARC South West)(NIHR西南应用研究合作中心(ARC西南))
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。