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arXiv 2103.10165astro-ph.GA
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球状星团的共振和非共振弛豫

Resonant and non-resonant relaxation of globular clusters

Jean-Baptiste Fouvry, Chris Hamilton, Simon Rozier, Christophe Pichon

摘要:

球状星团包含有限数量的恒星。因此,它们不可避免地经历长期演变(“弛豫”),导致其平均分布函数在长时间尺度上演变。一方面,这种长期演化可以解释为是由沿着每颗恒星的平均场轨迹的局部偏转的累积-所谓的“非共振弛豫”-所驱动的。另一方面,它可以被认为是由恒星轨道之间的非本地、集体装扮和共振耦合驱动的,这一过程被称为“共振弛豫”。在本文中,我们考虑一个模型球状星团代表的球形,各向同性等时线DF,并详细比较了预测的共振和非共振弛豫理论对定制的直接$N$体模拟。在空间中的轨道行动(即径向行动和总角动量),我们发现,无论是共振和非共振理论预测正确的形态长期演变的集群的DF,虽然非共振理论高估了幅度的弛豫率的一个因素${\sim 2}$。我们的结论是,长期松弛的热各向同性的球形团簇是不占主导地位的集体放大的大规模的潜在波动,尽管存在一个强大的${\ell = 1}$阻尼模式。相反,即使在最大的尺度上,集体放大对弛豫的影响也很小。从共振和非共振理论的预测贡献松弛从较小的规模波动基本上是相同的。

英文摘要:

Globular clusters contain a finite number of stars. As a result, they inevitably undergo secular evolution (`relaxation') causing their mean distribution function (DF) to evolve on long timescales. On one hand, this long-term evolution may be interpreted as driven by the accumulation of local deflections along each star's mean field trajectory -- so-called `non-resonant relaxation'. On the other hand, it can be thought of as driven by non-local, collectively dressed and resonant couplings between stellar orbits, a process termed `resonant relaxation'. In this paper we consider a model globular cluster represented by a spherical, isotropic isochrone DF, and compare in detail the predictions of both resonant and non-resonant relaxation theories against tailored direct $N$-body simulations. In the space of orbital actions (namely the radial action and total angular momentum), we find that both resonant and non-resonant theories predict the correct morphology for the secular evolution of the cluster's DF, although non-resonant theory over-estimates the amplitude of the relaxation rate by a factor ${\sim 2}$. We conclude that the secular relaxation of hot isotropic spherical clusters is not dominated by collectively amplified large-scale potential fluctuations, despite the existence of a strong ${\ell = 1}$ damped mode. Instead, collective amplification affects relaxation only marginally even on the largest scales. The predicted contributions to relaxation from smaller scale fluctuations are essentially the same from resonant and non-resonant theories.

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