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arXiv 1509.02401astro-ph.GAgr-qc
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大质量黑洞II周围的恒星动力学:共振弛豫

Stellar Dynamics around a Massive Black Hole II: Resonant Relaxation

S. Sridhar, Jihad R. Touma

摘要:

提出了一个低质量恒星系统绕大质量黑洞(MBH)共振弛豫(RR)的第一性原理理论。我们首先将Gilbert(1968)的动力学理论推广到质量为$M_\bullet$的黑洞的开普勒场。专门针对质量为$M \ll M_\bullet$的开普勒恒星系统,我们使用Sridhar & Touma(2015;论文I)的轨道平均方法推导出RR的动力学方程。本文描述了在自引力、MBH的1 PN和1.5PN相对论效应以及任意外部势的联合作用下,约化5维空间中$N \gg 1$高斯环系统的碰撞演化.在一般的几何形状中,RR由拱点共振和节点共振驱动,因此标量RR和矢量RR之间的区别消失了。该系统通过一系列准稳定的长期无碰撞平衡,驱动的不可逆的2环相关性,通过引力相互作用,直接和集体。该关联函数与“尾流函数”有关,尾流函数是系统对所选环的扰动的线性响应。尾流函数比关联函数更容易理解,并且满足更简单的方程。我们讨论的长期动力学和非平衡统计力学的相互作用,在长期的热力学平衡的开普勒恒星系统的演变的一般影响,并设置应用程序的RR轴对称光盘在纸III阶段。

英文摘要:

We present a first-principles theory of Resonant Relaxation (RR) of a low mass stellar system orbiting a more massive black hole (MBH). We first extend the kinetic theory of Gilbert (1968) to include the Keplerian field of a black hole of mass $M_\bullet$. Specializing to a Keplerian stellar system of mass $M \ll M_\bullet$, we use the orbit-averaging method of Sridhar & Touma (2015; Paper I) to derive a kinetic equation for RR. This describes the collisional evolution of a system of $N \gg 1$ Gaussian Rings in a reduced 5-dim space, under the combined actions of self-gravity, 1 PN and 1.5 PN relativistic effects of the MBH and an arbitrary external potential. In general geometries RR is driven by both apsidal and nodal resonances, so the distinction between scalar-RR and vector-RR disappears. The system passes through a sequence of quasi-steady secular collisionless equilibria, driven by irreversible 2-Ring correlations that accrue through gravitational interactions, both direct and collective. This correlation function is related to a `wake function', which is the linear response of the system to the perturbation of a chosen Ring. The wake function is easier to appreciate, and satisfies a simpler equation, than the correlation function. We discuss general implications for the interplay of secular dynamics and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics in the evolution of Keplerian stellar systems toward secular thermodynamic equilibria, and set the stage for applications to the RR of axisymmetric discs in Paper III.

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