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arXiv 2103.09837astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GA
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黑洞形成对超新星总体平均产额的影响

The Impact of Black Hole Formation on Population Averaged Supernova Yields

Emily J. Griffith, Tuguldur Sukhbold, David H. Weinberg, Jennifer A. Johnson, James W. Johnson, Fiorenzo Vincenzo

摘要:

黑洞(BH)形成的景观-大质量恒星爆炸为核心坍缩超新星(CCSN),并内爆为BH-深刻地影响了恒星星族的IMF平均核合成产额。在Sukhbold等人(2016)工作的基础上,我们计算了太阳金属丰度的IMF平均产额,用于各种假设,包括具有广泛BH形成的中微子驱动发动机模型,BH形成的简单质量阈值模型,以及来自$8-120 \text{M}_{\odot}$的所有恒星爆炸的模型。对于合理的选择,$α$ -元素的总产量跨越三个因子,但相对产量的变化更微妙,通常为$0.05-0.2$ dex。为了限制BH形成的总体水平,C和N与O或Mg的比率是有希望的诊断。为了区分复杂的,从简单的质量阈值理论动机的景观,涉及锰或镍的丰度比是有希望的,因为它们的敏感性的核心结构的CCSN祖。我们证实了以前的研究结果的一个重大(因素$2.5-4$)预测的O/Mg产率比和观测推断值之间的差异,这意味着模型要么过量生产O或生产不足镁。没有景观选择实现全面的协议与观测到的丰度比;差异提供经验线索的大质量恒星演化或爆炸物理学方面仍然缺少的模型。我们使用Limongi & Chieffi(2018)的大质量恒星产额发现了定性相似的结果。我们提供了几种景观情景的IMF综合收益表,更灵活的用户设计模型可以通过公开的$\texttt{Versatile Integrator for Chemical Evolution}$($\texttt{VICE}$ ; https://pypi.org/project/vice/)实现。

英文摘要:

The landscape of black hole (BH) formation -- which massive stars explode as core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) and which implode to BHs -- profoundly affects the IMF-averaged nucleosynthetic yields of a stellar population. Building on the work of Sukhbold et al. (2016), we compute IMF-averaged yields at solar metallicity for a wide range of assumptions, including neutrino-driven engine models with extensive BH formation, models with a simple mass threshold for BH formation, and a model in which all stars from $8-120 \text{M}_{\odot}$ explode. For plausible choices, the overall yields of $α$-elements span a factor of three, but changes in relative yields are more subtle, typically $0.05-0.2$ dex. For constraining the overall level of BH formation, ratios of C and N to O or Mg are promising diagnostics. For distinguishing complex, theoretically motivated landscapes from simple mass thresholds, abundance ratios involving Mn or Ni are promising because of their sensitivity to the core structure of the CCSN progenitors. We confirm previous findings of a substantial (factor $2.5-4$) discrepancy between predicted O/Mg yield ratios and observationally inferred values, implying that models either overproduce O or underproduce Mg. No landscape choice achieves across-the-board agreement with observed abundance ratios; the discrepancies offer empirical clues to aspects of massive star evolution or explosion physics still missing from the models. We find qualitatively similar results using the massive star yields of Limongi & Chieffi (2018). We provide tables of IMF-integrated yields for several landscape scenarios, and more flexible user-designed models can be implemented through the publicly available $\texttt{Versatile Integrator for Chemical Evolution}$ ($\texttt{VICE}$; https://pypi.org/project/vice/).

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