In this paper we investigate the massive Sine-Gordon model in the ultraviolet finite regime in thermal states over the two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. We combine recently developed methods of perturbative algebraic quantum field theory with techniques developed in the realm of constructive quantum field theory over Euclidean spacetimes to construct the correlation functions of the equilibrium state of the Sine-Gordon theory in the adiabatic limit. First of all, the observables of the Sine-Gordon theory are seen as functionals over the free configurations and are obtained as a suitable combination of the S-matrices of the interaction Lagrangian restricted to compact spacetime regions over the free massive theory. These S-matrices are given as power series in the coupling constant with values in the algebra of fields over the free massive theory. Adapting techniques like conditioning and inverse conditioning to spacetimes with Lorentzian signature, we prove that these power series converge when evaluated on a generic field configuration. The latter observation implies convergence in the strong operator topology in the GNS representations of the considered states. In the second part of the paper, adapting the cluster expansion technique to the Lorentzian case, we prove that the correlation functions of the interacting equilibrium state at finite temperature (KMS state) can be constructed also in the adiabatic limit, where the interaction Lagrangian is supported everywhere in space.
Among finite solutions of Sine-Gordon Equation with in phase N=1, we find Modular and Landen transformation between θrepresentation and directly integrated solutions of breather and kink. Because of these transformations, we can say we unified the finite solutions of sine-Gordon equation with phase N=1.
The sine-Gordon expansion method; which is a transformation of the sine-Gordon equation has been applied to the potential-YTSF equation of dimension (3+1) and the reaction-diffusion equation. We obtain new solitons of this equation in the form hyperbolic, complex and trigonometric function by using this method. We plot 2D and 3D graphics of these solutions using symbolic software.
In this article, we study on the separable N=2 solutions of Sine Gordon equation. From the original symmetry,we get two kinds of N=2 separable solutions. we find these two kinds are related to Landen transformation
In this paper, we introduce the so-called multiscale limit for spectral curves, associated with real finite-gap Sine-Gordon solutions. This technique allows to solve the old problem of calculating the density of topological charge for real finite-gap Sine-Gordon solutions directly from the $θ$-functional formulas.
We consider the dipole-dipole correlations for the two-dimensional Coulomb gas/sine-Gordon model for $β> 8π$ by a renormalization group method. First we re-establish the renormalization group analysis for the partition function using finite range decomposition of the covariance. Then we extend the analysis to the correlation functions. Finally, we show a power-law decay characteristic of the dipole gas.
In this paper we study certain integrability properties of the supersymmetric sine-Gordon equation. We construct Lax pairs with their zero-curvature representations which are equivalent to the supersymmetric sine-Gordon equation. From the fermionic linear spectral problem, we derive coupled sets of super Riccati equations and the auto-Bäcklund transformation of the supersymmetric sine-Gordon equation. In addition, a detailed description of the associated Darboux transformation is presented and non-trivial super multisoliton solutions are constructed. These integrability properties allow us to …
A generalization of Jacobi's elliptic functions is introduced as inversions of hyperelliptic integrals. We discuss the special properties of these functions, present addition theorems and give a list of indefinite integrals. As a physical application we show that periodic kink solutions (kink chains) of the double sine-Gordon model can be described in a canonical form in terms of generalized Jacobi functions.
Extending our previous construction in the sine-Gordon model, we show how to introduce two kinds of fermionic screening operators, in close analogy with conformal field theory with c<1.
A chain of transformations is found which relates one new integrable case of the generalized short pulse equation of Hone, Novikov and Wang [arXiv:1612.02481] with the sine-Gordon equation.
We have studied the solutions of the combined sine-cosine-Gordon Equation found by Wazwaz (App. Math. Comp. 177, 755 (2006)) using the variable separated ODE method. These solutions can be transformed into a new form. We have derived the relation between the phase of the combined sine-cosine-Gordon equation and the parameter in these solutions. Its applications in physical systems are also discussed
The lattice sine-Gordon equation is an integrable partial difference equation on ${\mathbb Z}^2$, which approaches the sine-Gordon equation in a continuum limit. In this paper, we show that the non-autonomous lattice sine-Gordon equation has the consistency around a broken cube property as well as its autonomous version. Moreover, we construct two new Lax pairs of the non-autonomous case by using the consistency property.
We determine the quantized function algebras associated with various examples of generalized sine-Gordon models. These are quadratic algebras of the general Freidel-Maillet type, the classical limits of which reproduce the lattice Poisson algebra recently obtained for these models defined by a gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten action plus an integrable potential. More specifically, we argue based on these examples that the natural framework for constructing quantum lattice integrable versions of generalized sine-Gordon models is that of affine quantum braided groups.
It has been unknown whether Hirota's discrete Korteweg-de Vries equation and the lattice sine-Gordon equation have the consistency around a cube (CAC) property. In this paper, we show that they have the CAC property. Moreover, we also show that they can be extended to systems on the 3-dimensional integer lattice.
We describe the integrable structure of the space of local operators for the supersymmetric sine-Gordon model. Namely, we conjecture that this space is created by acting on the primary fields by fermions and a Kac-Moody current. We proceed with the computation of the one-point functions. In the UV limit they are shown to agree with the alternative results obtained by solving the reflection relations.
The elliptic sine-Gordon equation in the plane has a family of explicit multiple-end solutions (soliton-like solutions). We show that all the finite Morse index solutions belong to this family. We also prove they are non-degenerate in the sense that the corresponding linearized operators have no nontrivial bounded kernel. We then show that solutions with $2n$ ends have Morse index $n(n-1)/2.$
We examine the question of the integrability of the recently defined $\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2$-graded sine-Gordon model, which is a natural generalisation of the supersymmetric sine-Gordon equation. We do this via appropriate auto-Bäcklund transformations, construction of conserved spinor-valued currents and a pair of infinite sets of conservation laws.
We consider the reflectionless transport of sine-Gordon solitons on a line. Transparent boundary conditions for the sine-Gordon equation on a line are derived using the so-called potential approach. Our numerical implementation of these novel boundary conditions proves the absence of the backscattering in transmission of sine-Gordon solitons through the boundary of the considered finite domains.
We reexamine two-dimensional Lorentzian conformal field theory using the formalism previously developed in a study of sine-square deformation of Euclidean conformal field theory. We construct three types of Virasoro algebra. One of them reproduces the result by Lüscher and Mack, while another type exhibits the divergence in the central charge term. The other leads the continuous spectrum and contains no closed time-like curve in the system.
We study a family of classical solutions of modified sinh-Gordon equation, $\partial_z\partial_{\bar z} η-\re^{2η}+p(z)\,p({\bar z})\ \re^{-2η}=0$ with $p(z)=z^{2α}-s^{2α}$. We show that certain connection coefficients for solutions of the associated linear problem coincide with the $Q$-function of the quantum sine-Gordon $(α>0)$ or sinh-Gordon $(α<-1)$ models.
We study the local lattice integrable regularization of the Sine-Gordon model written down in terms of the lattice Bose-operators. We show that the local spin Hamiltonian obtained from the six-vertex model with alternating inhomogeneities in fact leads to the Sine-Gordon model in the low-energy limit. We show that the Bethe Ansatz results for this model lead to the correct general relations for different critical exponents of the coupling constant.
We prove global well-posedness of the short-pulse equation with small initial data in Sobolev space $H^2$. Our analysis relies on local well-posedness results of Schäfer & Wayne, the correspondence of the short-pulse equation to the sine-Gordon equation in characteristic coordinates, and a number of conserved quantities of the short-pulse equation. We also prove local and global well-posedness of the sine-Gordon equation in an appropriate function space.
A general and systematic regularization is developed for the exact solitonic form factors of exponential operators in the (1+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon model by analytical continuation of their integral representations. The procedure is implemented in Mathematica. Test results are shown for four- and six- soliton form factors.
Application of our algebraic approach to Liouville integrable defects is proposed for the sine-Gordon model. Integrability of the model is ensured by the underlying classical r-matrix algebra. The first local integrals of motion are identified together with the corresponding Lax pairs. Continuity conditions imposed on the time components of the entailed Lax pairs give rise to the sewing conditions on the defect point consistent with Liouville integrability.
We construct defects in the XXZ and sine-Gordon models by making use of the representation theory of quantum affine sl_2. The representations involved are generalisations of the infinite-dimensional, q-oscillator representations used in the construction of Q-operators. We present new results for intertwiners of these representations, and use them to consider both quantum spin-chain Hamiltonians with defects and quantum defects in the sine-Gordon model. We connect specialisations our results with the work of Corrigan and Zambon on type I and type II defects, and present sine-Gordon soliton/defe…
