Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best-established principles in physics. As such, if there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, magnetic charge will most likely be a conserved quantity like electric charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have reported the possibility, the Earth should show signs of having magnetic monopole charge on a macroscopic scale since neutrons must also have magnetic monopole charge if general charge conservation principle is valid. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed to detect the collective effect of magnetic monopole charge of neutrons on the earth's equator using two balanced high strength neodymium rod magnets. We were able to identify non-zero magnetic monopole charge of the individual neutrons from the experiments. The presence of individual magnetic monopole charges in the universe prompted proposition of the new symmetric form of Maxwell's equations. Based on the theoretical investigation of these new Maxwell's equations, we concluded that magnetic monopole neutrinos are the cause of the origin of quantum mechanical uncertainty, dark energy and the medium for electromagnetic wave propagation in space.
Magnetic monopoles have been a subject of interest since Dirac established the relation between the existence of a monopole and charge quantization. 't Hooft and Polyakov proved that they can arise from gauge theories as the result of a non trivial topology. In their scheme the mass of the monopole turns out to be large proportional to the vector meson mass arising from the spontaneous breaking of the symmetry at unification scales. To reduce from the GUT scale to the Standard Model scale we modify the potential in line with Coleman-Weinberg schemes and generate a second deeper minimum turning…
It has been argued that the rapid decay of coherent color gauge fields generated immediately after high energy heavy ion collisions produces quark gluon plasma. But there are no convincing mechanisms for the rapid decay of the gauge fields which satisfy phenomenological constraints on their life time. We show by using classical statistical field theory that the production of magnetic monopoles cause the rapid decay of the gauge fields. The monopoles are unstable modes just like Nielsen-Olesen modes and are enormously produced by dual Schwinger mechanism.
We develop a scenario whereby monopoles in a hidden sector yield a decaying dark matter candidate of interest for the PAMELA and FERMI $e^\pm$ excesses. The monopoles are not completely hidden due to a very small kinetic mixing and a hidden photon mass. The latter also causes the monopoles and anti-monopoles to be connected by strings. The resulting long-lived objects eventually decay to hidden photons which tend to escape galactic cores before decaying. The mass scales are those of the hidden photon ($\approx 500$ MeV), the monopole ($\approx 3$ TeV) and the mixing scale (close to the Planck …
Possibility of a modification of life time of radioactive elements by magnetic monopoles
本文对在加速器实验中没有观测到轻磁单极子的事实作了简单的解释。它是基于在电磁相互作用中违反C不变性的可能性。由于弱相互作用的登记困难，两个相互关联的问题出现了：制定一个描述弱相互作用产生的理论（它应该包括一个超越电弱相互作用的标准模型的新的力），并指出了弱相互作用观察的方法。我们考虑一种可能性，密切相关的一些实验，修改寿命的放射性元素的磁单极子。文章的第一部分致力于单极子的纯电磁影响，由顶点M --> M +伽马引起。第二部分，更投机的一个，是基于实验证据，有利于存在一些轴向矢量电流，负责一个新的力量，它可以刺激，或抑制，放射性元素的衰变。
We review the physics of confinement based on non-Abelian dual superconductor picture, relying on exact solutions in N=2 supersymmetric QCD and based on the recent developments in our understanding of non-Abelian vortices and monopoles. The non-Abelian monopoles, though they are basically just the 't Hooft-Polyakov SU(2) monopoles embedded in various corners of the larger gauge group, require flavor symmetry in an essential way for their very existence. The phenomenon of flavor-color-flavor separation characterizes the multiple roles flavor symmetry plays in producing quantum-mechanical non-Ab…
Dark sectors with Abelian gauge symmetries can interact with ordinary matter via kinetic mixing. In such scenarios, magnetic monopoles of a broken dark $U(1)$ will appear in our sector as confined milli-magnetically charged objects under ordinary electromagnetism. Halo ellipticity constraints are shown to significantly bound the strength of dark magnetic Coulomb monopole interactions. The bound monopole ground state, which in vacuum is stable and has no magnetic charge or moment, is shown to become quantum mechanically unstable in the presence of an external, ordinary magnetic field. If these …
We show that axions interacting with abelian gauge fields obtain a potential from loops of magnetic monopoles. This is a consequence of the Witten effect: the axion field causes the monopoles to acquire an electric charge and alters their energy spectrum. The axion potential can also be understood as a type of instanton effect due to a Euclidean monopole worldline winding around its dyon collective coordinate. We calculate this effect, which has features in common with both nonabelian instantons and Euclidean brane instantons. To provide consistency checks, we argue that this axion potential v…
Future observations of continuous gravitational waves from single neutron stars, apart from their monumental astrophysical significance, could also shed light on fundamental physics and exotic particle states. One such avenue is based on the fact that magnetic fields cause deformations of a neutron star, which results in a magnetic-field-induced quadrupole ellipticity. If the magnetic and rotation axes are different, this quadrupole ellipticity may generate continuous gravitational waves which may last decades, and may be observable in current or future detectors. Light, milli-magnetic monopol…
The nucleon's peripheral transverse charge and magnetization densities are computed in chiral effective field theory. The densities are represented in first-quantized form, as overlap integrals of chiral light-front wave functions describing the transition of the nucleon to soft pion-nucleon intermediate states. The orbital motion of the pion causes a large left-right asymmetry in a transversely polarized nucleon. The effect attests to the relativistic nature of chiral dynamics [pion momenta k = O(M_pi)] and could be observed in form factor measurements at low momentum transfer.
Magnetic bions---stable bound states of monopoles and twisted ("Kaluza-Klein") monopoles, carrying two units of magnetic charge---have been shown to be the leading cause of confinement and mass gap in four-dimensional gauge theories with massless adjoint fermions compactified on R**{1,2} x S**1, at least at small S**1. In this paper, we study in detail the bion mechanism and the scales involved for an SU(2) gauge group, using traditional QCD instanton methods. We represent the vacuum functional as the partition function of a bion-anti-bion plasma and obtain the next-to-leading dependence of th…
Transverse Charge Distribution as a Probe of Nucleon Transversity
Fudan University（复旦大学）；Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）；Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院近代物理研究所）；Peking University（北京大学）
