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arXiv 2103.06880cond-mat.mes-hall
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混合Majorana纳米线中的电荷杂质效应

Charge impurity effects in hybrid Majorana nanowires

Benjamin D. Woods, Sankar Das Sarma, Tudor D. Stanescu

摘要:

我们解决了一个突出的问题,代表了一个关键的路障,在发展中的基于马约拉纳的拓扑量子位使用超导体-超导体混合结构:定量表征的混合设备内的电荷杂质的无意存在所产生的无序效应。考虑到无序可能对马约拉纳物理学产生深远的影响,但本质上很难在混合结构中进行实验探测,因此提供无序效应的定量理论描述变得至关重要。为了完成这一任务,我们发展了一个微观理论,(i)通过自洽地解决相关的三维薛定谔-泊松问题,提供了嵌入在半导体线邻近耦合到超导层内的电荷杂质产生的有效电势的定量表征,(ii)描述了在s波超导性存在下混合结构的低能物理,自旋-轨道耦合、塞曼分裂和由多电荷杂质引起的无序通过使用(i)在标准自由费米子方法内的结果,和(iii)通过产生作为控制参数的函数的隧穿微分电导图将微观结果与实验上可观察的特征联系起来(例如,塞曼场和化学势)。我们发现,电荷杂质导致严重的并发症的实现和观察的马约拉纳零模式,这有直接影响的发展马约拉纳为基础的量子比特。更重要的是,我们的工作为该领域的进展提供了明确的方向,包括必须实现的特定材料质量和半导体纯度目标,以创建拓扑量子位。

英文摘要:

We address an outstanding problem that represents a critical roadblock in the development of the Majorana-based topological qubit using semiconductor-superconductor hybrid structures: the quantitative characterization of disorder effects generated by the unintentional presence of charge impurities within the hybrid device. Given that disorder can have far-reaching consequences for the Majorana physics, but is intrinsically difficult to probe experimentally in a hybrid structure, providing a quantitative theoretical description of disorder effects becomes essential. To accomplish this task, we develop a microscopic theory that (i) provides a quantitative characterization of the effective potential generated by a charge impurity embedded inside a semiconductor wire proximity-coupled to a superconductor layer by solving self-consistently the associated three-dimensional Schrödinger-Poisson problem, (ii) describes the low-energy physics of the hybrid structure in the presence of s-wave superconductivity, spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman splitting, and disorder arising from multiple charge impurities by using the results of (i) within a standard free fermion approach, and (iii) links the microscopic results to experimentally observable features by generating tunneling differential conductance maps as function of the control parameters (e.g., Zeeman field and chemical potential). We find that charge impurities lead to serious complications regarding the realization and observation of Majorana zero modes, which have direct implications for the development of Majorana-based qubits. More importantly, our work provides a clear direction regarding what needs to be done for progress in the field, including specific materials quality and semiconductor purity targets that must be achieved to create a topological qubit.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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