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arXiv 2103.05952quant-phcs.DScs.SYeess.SYmath.PR
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控制论中的量子算法

Quantum Algorithms in Cybernetics

Petar Nikolov

摘要:

提出了一种利用量子计算机模拟二进制齐次马尔可夫过程的新方法。这种新方法允许使用量子力学系统的独特性质-叠加,纠缠和概率计算。基于这种方法的算法的实现需要创建一个新的量子逻辑门,它在两个量子比特之间创建纠缠态。这是一个双量子位逻辑门,它必须对作为目标的量子位在X轴上执行预定义的旋转,其中旋转准确地表示给定马尔可夫过程的瞬态概率。只有当控制量子位处于状态时,|1>。有必要开发一种算法,该算法以简单直观的方式使用过程的瞬态概率的分布,然后将其转换为X轴偏移。在可用的云平台上仅使用现有的基本量子逻辑门来创建量子控制的X门的n次方根是可能的,尽管硬件设备仍然太嘈杂,这导致测量误差显著增加。IBM的Yorktown 'bow-tie'后端在量子保真度方面比5量子位T形和14量子位墨尔本量子处理器表现得更好。在真实的量子处理器上模拟二进制齐次马尔可夫过程,在Vigo和Yorktown(均为5量子位)后端上得到了最好的结果,Hellinger保真度接近0.82。基于可用硬件(拓扑结构、大小、时序特性)选择正确的量子线路将是最大化保真度的方法。

英文摘要:

A new method for simulation of a binary homogeneous Markov process using a quantum computer was proposed. This new method allows using the distinguished properties of the quantum mechanical systems -- superposition, entanglement and probability calculations. Implementation of an algorithm based on this method requires the creation of a new quantum logic gate, which creates entangled state between two qubits. This is a two-qubit logic gate and it must perform a predefined rotation over the X-axis for the qubit that acts as a target, where the rotation accurately represents the transient probabilities for a given Markov process. This gate fires only when the control qubit is in state |1>. It is necessary to develop an algorithm, which uses the distribution for the transient probabilities of the process in a simple and intuitive way and then transform those into X-axis offsets. The creation of a quantum controlled n-th root of X gate using only the existing basic quantum logic gates at the available cloud platforms is possible, although the hardware devices are still too noisy, which results in a significant measurement error increase. The IBM's Yorktown 'bow-tie' back-end performs quite better than the 5-qubit T-shaped and the 14-qubit Melbourne quantum processors in terms of quantum fidelity. The simulation of the binary homogeneous Markov process on a real quantum processor gives best results on the Vigo and Yorktown (both 5-qubit) back-ends with Hellinger fidelity of near 0.82. The choice of the right quantum circuit, based on the available hardware (topology, size, timing properties), would be the approach for maximizing the fidelity.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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