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arXiv 2103.02228cs.CR
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DeFi协议中的即时发现机制

On the Just-In-Time Discovery of Profit-Generating Transactions in DeFi Protocols

Liyi Zhou, Kaihua Qin, Antoine Cully, Benjamin Livshits, Arthur Gervais

摘要:

在本文中,我们研究了两种方法,使我们能够自动创建有利可图的DeFi交易,一种非常适合套利,另一种适用于更复杂的设置。我们首先采用Bellman-Ford-Moore算法与DEFIPOSER-ARB,然后创建逻辑DeFi协议模型的DEFIPOSER-SMT定理证明器。虽然DEFIPOSER-ARB专注于形成周期的DeFi交易,并且在套利方面表现出色,但DEFIPOSER-SMT可以检测更复杂的有利可图的交易。我们估计DEFIPOSER-ARB和DEFIPOSER-SMT每周平均收入分别为191.48ETH(76,592美元)和72.44ETH(28,976美元),最高交易收入分别为81.31ETH(32,524美元)和22.40ETH(8,960美元)。我们进一步表明,DEFIPOSER-SMT发现了2020年2月以来已知的经济bZx攻击,产生了0.48 M美元。我们的法医调查显示,这个机会存在了69天,如果早一天利用,可能会产生更多的收入。我们的评估持续了150天,给出了96个DeFi协议操作和25个资产。除了上面提到的财务收益之外,分叉还恶化了区块链共识安全性,因为它们增加了双重支出和自私采矿的风险。我们探讨了DEFIPOSER-ARB和DEFIPOSER-SMT对区块链共识的影响。具体来说,我们发现我们的工具识别的交易超过以太坊区块奖励高达874倍。鉴于马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)提供的最佳对抗策略,我们量化了一个有利可图的交易符合矿工可提取价值(MEV)的价值阈值,并激励MEV感知的矿工分叉区块链。例如,我们发现在以太坊上,如果MEV机会超过4倍的区块奖励,哈希率为10%的矿工将分叉区块链。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we investigate two methods that allow us to automatically create profitable DeFi trades, one well-suited to arbitrage and the other applicable to more complicated settings. We first adopt the Bellman-Ford-Moore algorithm with DEFIPOSER-ARB and then create logical DeFi protocol models for a theorem prover in DEFIPOSER-SMT. While DEFIPOSER-ARB focuses on DeFi transactions that form a cycle and performs very well for arbitrage, DEFIPOSER-SMT can detect more complicated profitable transactions. We estimate that DEFIPOSER-ARB and DEFIPOSER-SMT can generate an average weekly revenue of 191.48ETH (76,592USD) and 72.44ETH (28,976USD) respectively, with the highest transaction revenue being 81.31ETH(32,524USD) and22.40ETH (8,960USD) respectively. We further show that DEFIPOSER-SMT finds the known economic bZx attack from February 2020, which yields 0.48M USD. Our forensic investigations show that this opportunity existed for 69 days and could have yielded more revenue if exploited one day earlier. Our evaluation spans 150 days, given 96 DeFi protocol actions, and 25 assets. Looking beyond the financial gains mentioned above, forks deteriorate the blockchain consensus security, as they increase the risks of double-spending and selfish mining. We explore the implications of DEFIPOSER-ARB and DEFIPOSER-SMT on blockchain consensus. Specifically, we show that the trades identified by our tools exceed the Ethereum block reward by up to 874x. Given optimal adversarial strategies provided by a Markov Decision Process (MDP), we quantify the value threshold at which a profitable transaction qualifies as Miner ExtractableValue (MEV) and would incentivize MEV-aware miners to fork the blockchain. For instance, we find that on Ethereum, a miner with a hash rate of 10% would fork the blockchain if an MEV opportunity exceeds 4x the block reward.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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