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arXiv 2103.01829cs.ITeess.SPmath.IT
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基于太赫兹超大规模MIMO的空-空-地一体化航空通信

Terahertz Ultra-Massive MIMO-Based Aeronautical Communications in Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

Anwen Liao, Zhen Gao, Dongming Wang, Hua Wang, Hao Yin, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, Mohamed-Slim Alouini

摘要:

新兴的空-空-地综合网络吸引了大量的研究,需要可靠和高效的航空通信。研究了太赫兹超大规模(UM)MIMO航空通信系统,提出了一种有效的信道估计和跟踪方案,解决了航空太赫兹UM-MIMO信道的{\emph{triple delay-beam-Doppler squint effects}}唯一性导致的性能下降问题。具体地,基于从导航信息获取的粗略角度估计,建立初始航空链路,其中收发器处的延迟波束偏斜可以通过采用可编程真时延迟单元(GTTDU)模块(例如,所设计的基于{\emph{Rotman lens}}的GTTDU模块)。根据提出的先验辅助迭代角度估计算法,可以估计出方位角/仰角,并利用这些角度实现精确的波束对准和改进GTTDU模块,以进一步消除延迟波束斜视。多普勒频移可以随后估计使用所提出的先验辅助迭代多普勒频移估计算法。在此基础上,可以准确地估计路径延迟和信道增益,并通过补偿过程有效地抑制多普勒斜视。对于数据传输,提出了一种基于数据辅助判决的信道跟踪算法,对波束对准后的有效信道进行跟踪。当数据辅助信道跟踪无效时,将在导频辅助信道跟踪阶段利用等效稀疏数字阵列重新估计角度,其中可以基于先前估计的角度来解决角度模糊。仿真结果和推导出的Cramér-Rao下界验证了我们的解决方案的有效性。

英文摘要:

The emerging space-air-ground integrated network has attracted intensive research and necessitates reliable and efficient aeronautical communications. This paper investigates terahertz Ultra-Massive (UM)-MIMO-based aeronautical communications and proposes an effective channel estimation and tracking scheme, which can solve the performance degradation problem caused by the unique {\emph{triple delay-beam-Doppler squint effects}} of aeronautical terahertz UM-MIMO channels. Specifically, based on the rough angle estimates acquired from navigation information, an initial aeronautical link is established, where the delay-beam squint at transceiver can be significantly mitigated by employing a Grouping True-Time Delay Unit (GTTDU) module (e.g., the designed {\emph{Rotman lens}}-based GTTDU module). According to the proposed prior-aided iterative angle estimation algorithm, azimuth/elevation angles can be estimated, and these angles are adopted to achieve precise beam-alignment and refine GTTDU module for further eliminating delay-beam squint. Doppler shifts can be subsequently estimated using the proposed prior-aided iterative Doppler shift estimation algorithm. On this basis, path delays and channel gains can be estimated accurately, where the Doppler squint can be effectively attenuated via compensation process. For data transmission, a data-aided decision-directed based channel tracking algorithm is developed to track the beam-aligned effective channels. When the data-aided channel tracking is invalid, angles will be re-estimated at the pilot-aided channel tracking stage with an equivalent sparse digital array, where angle ambiguity can be resolved based on the previously estimated angles. The simulation results and the derived Cramér-Rao lower bounds verify the effectiveness of our solution.

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