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arXiv 2102.12487gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-ph
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来自宇宙弦尖点和扭结的非线性引力波记忆

Nonlinear gravitational-wave memory from cusps and kinks on cosmic strings

Alexander C. Jenkins, Mairi Sakellariadou

摘要:

非线性记忆效应是广义相对论(GR)的一个令人着迷的预测,其中振荡的引力波(GW)信号通常伴随着单调增加的应变,该应变在信号通过后很长时间内仍然存在于检测器中。这种效应提供了一个独特的机会来测试GR的动态和非线性制度。在这篇文章中,我们计算的非线性记忆信号与GW爆发的尖点和扭结宇宙弦环,这是一个重要的目标,目前和未来的GW观测。我们从尖点和扭结获得GW存储器的分析波形,并使用这些来计算“存储器的存储器”和其他高阶存储器效应。这些都是第一个记忆观测计算的宇宙学源的GW,与以前的文献几乎完全集中在天体物理学的来源。令人惊讶的是,我们发现,尖点GW信号发散足够大的循环,并认为这种分歧的最合理的解释是在弱场治疗GW发射的尖点故障。这表明以前被忽视的强引力效应在尖点附近一定起着重要作用,尽管它们治愈发散的确切机制目前还不清楚。我们表明,一种可能的解决方案是这些尖点崩溃,形成原始的黑洞(PBH)的扭结记忆信号不发散,在协议的事实,扭结没有预测形成PBH。最后,我们调查的前景,从尖点和扭结GW天文台检测记忆。我们发现,在尖点记忆发散被治愈的PBH形成的情况下,记忆信号被强烈抑制,不太可能被检测到。然而,尖点发散的替代解决方案原则上可能会导致更有利的观测前景。

英文摘要:

The nonlinear memory effect is a fascinating prediction of general relativity (GR), in which oscillatory gravitational-wave (GW) signals are generically accompanied by a monotonically-increasing strain which persists in the detector long after the signal has passed. This effect presents a unique opportunity to test GR in the dynamical and nonlinear regime. In this article we calculate the nonlinear memory signal associated with GW bursts from cusps and kinks on cosmic string loops, which are an important target for current and future GW observatories. We obtain analytical waveforms for the GW memory from cusps and kinks, and use these to calculate the "memory of the memory" and other higher-order memory effects. These are among the first memory observables computed for a cosmological source of GWs, with previous literature having focused almost entirely on astrophysical sources. Surprisingly, we find that the cusp GW signal diverges for sufficiently large loops, and argue that the most plausible explanation for this divergence is a breakdown in the weak-field treatment of GW emission from the cusp. This shows that previously-neglected strong gravity effects must play an important role near cusps, although the exact mechanism by which they cure the divergence is not currently understood. We show that one possible resolution is for these cusps to collapse to form primordial black holes (PBHs); the kink memory signal does not diverge, in agreement with the fact that kinks are not predicted to form PBHs. Finally, we investigate the prospects for detecting memory from cusps and kinks with GW observatories. We find that in the scenario where the cusp memory divergence is cured by PBH formation, the memory signal is strongly suppressed and is not likely to be detected. However, alternative resolutions of the cusp divergence may in principle lead to much more favourable observational prospects.

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