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arXiv 2102.10441q-bio.PE
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病毒免疫协同进化的抗原波

Antigenic waves of virus-immune co-evolution

Jacopo Marchi, Michael Lässig, Aleksandra M. Walczak, Thierry Mora

摘要:

许多微生物和病原体的进化,包括季节性流感等循环病毒,都是由宿主群体的免疫压力驱动的。反过来,受感染人群的免疫系统得到更新,将病毒追得更远。定量地了解这些动态如何导致观察到的快速病原体和免疫适应模式,有助于流行病学和进化预测。在这里,我们提出了一个数学理论的免疫系统和病毒之间的共同进化在有限维抗原空间,它描述了交叉反应的病毒株和免疫系统由以前的感染。我们展示了一种抗原波的出现,这种抗原波被交叉反应性向前推动并疏通。我们得到的波的形状,速度和角扩散的分析结果。特别是,我们表明,病毒免疫协同进化产生了一个新的涌现的时间尺度,波的方向在抗原空间的持续时间,这可能是远远长于病毒种群的聚结时间。我们比较这些动态观察到的流感病毒株的抗原周转,我们讨论了抗原空间的维度如何影响的可预测性的演化动力学。我们的研究结果提供了一个具体的和易处理的框架来描述病原体-宿主的协同进化。

英文摘要:

The evolution of many microbes and pathogens, including circulating viruses such as seasonal influenza, is driven by immune pressure from the host population. In turn, the immune systems of infected populations get updated, chasing viruses even further away. Quantitatively understanding how these dynamics result in observed patterns of rapid pathogen and immune adaptation is instrumental to epidemiological and evolutionary forecasting. Here we present a mathematical theory of co-evolution between immune systems and viruses in a finite-dimensional antigenic space, which describes the cross-reactivity of viral strains and immune systems primed by previous infections. We show the emergence of an antigenic wave that is pushed forward and canalized by cross-reactivity. We obtain analytical results for shape, speed, and angular diffusion of the wave. In particular, we show that viral-immune co-evolution generates a new emergent timescale, the persistence time of the wave's direction in antigenic space, which can be much longer than the coalescence time of the viral population. We compare these dynamics to the observed antigenic turnover of influenza strains, and we discuss how the dimensionality of antigenic space impacts on the predictability of the evolutionary dynamics. Our results provide a concrete and tractable framework to describe pathogen-host co-evolution.

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