Takashi Komatsu, Norio Konno, Iwao Sato
We define a zeta function of a finite graph derived from time evolution matrix of quantum walk, and give its determinant expression. Furthermore, we generalize the above result to a periodic graph.
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We define a zeta function of a graph by using the time evolution matrix of a general coined quantum walk on it, and give a determinant expression for the zeta function of a finite graph. Furthermore, we present a determinant expression for the zeta function of an (infinite) periodic graph.
We consider the alternating zeta function and the alternating $L$-function of a graph $G$, and express them by using the Ihara zeta function of $G$. Next, we define a generalized alternating zeta function of a graph, and express the generalized alternating zeta function of a vertex-transitive regular graph by spectra of the transition probability matrix of the symmetric simple random walk on it and its Laplacian. Furthermore, we present an integral expression for the limit of the generalized alternating zeta functions of a series of vertex-transitive regular graphs. As an example, we treat the…
We present the structure theorem for the positive support of the cube of the Grover transition matrix of the discrete-time quantum walk (the Grover walk) on a general graph $G$ under same condition. Thus, we introduce a zeta function on the positive support of the cube of the Grover transition matrix of $G$, and present its Euler product and its determinant expression. As a corollary, we give the characteristic polynomial for the positive support of the cube of the Grover transition matrix of a regular graph, and so obtain its spectra. Finally, we present the poles and the radius of the conver…
We present the characteristic polynomial for the transition matrix of a vertex-face walk on a graph, and obtain its spectra. Furthermore, we express the characteristic polynomial for the transition matrix of a vertex-face walk on the 2-dimensional torus by using its adjacency matrix, and obtain its spectra. As an application, we define a new walk-type zeta function with respect to the transition matrix of a vertex-face walk on the 2-dimensional torus, and present its explicit formula.
This paper gives the quantum walks determined by graph zeta functions. The result enables us to obtain the characteristic polynomial of the transition matrix of the quantum walk, and it determines the behavior of the quantum walk. We treat finite graphs allowing multi-edges and multi-loops.
We define a new weighted zeta function for a finite graph and obtain its determinant expression. This result gives the characteristic polynomial of the transition matrix of the Szegedy walk on a graph.
Our previous work presented explicit formulas for the generalized zeta function and the generalized Ihara zeta function corresponding to the Grover walk and the positive-support version of the Grover walk on the regular graph via the Konno-Sato theorem, respectively. This paper extends these walks to a class of walks including random walks, correlated random walks, quantum walks, and open quantum random walks on the torus by the Fourier analysis.
Absolute zeta functions and periodicity of quantum walks on cycles
本文建立循环图上 Hadamard 与 3-state Grover 量子行走同绝对 zeta 函数的联系，推导其显式形式并证明这些 zeta 函数为绝对自守形式。
Chinta, Jorgenson and Karlsson introduced a generalized version of the determinant formula for the Ihara zeta function associated to finite or infinite regular graphs. On the other hand, Konno and Sato obtained a formula of the characteristic polynomial of the Grover matrix by using the determinant expression for the second weighted zeta function of a finite graph. In this paper, we focus on a relationship between the Grover walk and the generalized Ihara zeta function. That is to say, we treat the generalized Ihara zeta function of the one-dimensional integer lattice as a limit of the Ihara z…
In this paper, following the recent paper on Walk/Zeta Correspondence by the first author and his coworkers, we compute the zeta function for the three- and four-state quantum walk and correlated random walk, and the multi-state random walk on the one-dimensional torus by using the Fourier analysis. We deal with also the four-state quantum walk and correlated random walk on the two-dimensional torus. In addition, we introduce a new class of models determined by the generalized Grover matrix bridging the gap between the Grover matrix and the positive-support of the Grover matrix. Finally, we gi…
On the relation between quantum walks and absolute zeta functions
本文建立图上 Grover walk 与绝对 zeta 函数的联系，证明量子游走诱导的 zeta 函数构成依赖边数的绝对自守形式，并以循环图为例将其绝对 zeta 函数表示为二阶多重 gamma 函数。
The Ronkin function was defined by Ronkin in the consideration of the zeros of almost periodic function. Recently, this function has been used in various research fields in mathematics, physics and so on. Especially in mathematics, it has a closed connections with tropical geometry, amoebas, Newton polytopes and dimer models. On the other hand, we have been investigated a new class of zeta functions for various kinds of walks including quantum walks by a series of our previous work on Zeta Correspondence. The quantum walk is a quantum counterpart of the random walk. In this paper, we present a…
The Mahler measure was introduced by Mahler in the study of number theory. It is known that the Mahler measure appears in different areas of mathematics and physics. On the other hand, we have been investigated a new class of zeta functions for various kinds of walks including quantum walks by a series of our previous work on "Zeta Correspondence". The quantum walk is a quantum counterpart of the random walk. In this paper, we present a new relation between the Mahler measure and our zeta function for quantum walks. Firstly we consider this relation in the case of one-dimensional quantum walks…
Our previous works presented zeta functions by the Konno-Sato theorem or the Fourier analysis for one-particle models including random walks, correlated random walks, quantum walks, and open quantum random walks. This paper introduces a new zeta function for multi-particle models with probabilistic or quantum interactions, called the interacting particle system (IPS). We compute the zeta function for some tensor-type IPSs.
We present an explicit formula for the characteristic polynomial of the transition matrix of the discrete-time quantum walk on a graph via the second weighted zeta function. As applications, we obtain new proofs for the results on spectra of the transition matrix and its positive support.
Periodicity and absolute zeta functions of multi-state Grover walks on cycles
本研究探讨了循环图上多态 Grover 游走的周期性与绝对 zeta 函数，确定了奇数态游走在任意顶点数循环图上的周期，并计算了有限周期 M 型游走的绝对 zeta 函数。
Recently the Ihara zeta function for the finite graph was extended to infinite one by Clair and Chinta et al. In this paper, we obtain the same expressions by a different approach from their analytical method. Our new approach is to take a suitable limit of a sequence of finite graphs via the Konno-Sato theorem. This theorem is related to explicit formulas of characteristic polynomials for the evolution matrix of the Grover walk. The walk is one of the most well-investigated quantum walks which are quantum counterpart of classical random walks. We call the relation between the Grover walk and …
In our previous work, we investigated the relation between zeta functions and discrete-time models including random and quantum walks. In this paper, we introduce a zeta function for the continuous-time model (CTM) and consider CTMs including the corresponding random and quantum walks on the d-dimensional torus.
Zeta functions of periodic cubical lattices are explicitly derived by computing all the eigenvalues of the adjacency operators and their characteristic polynomials. We introduce cyclotomic-like polynomials to give factorization of the zeta function in terms of them and count the number of orbits of the Galois action associated with each cyclotomic-like polynomial to obtain its further factorization. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for such a polynomial to be irreducible and discuss its irreducibility from this point of view.
In this paper, we give a more direct proof of the results by Clair and Mokhtari-Sharghi on the zeta functions of periodic graphs. In particular, using appropriate operator-algebraic techniques, we establish a determinant formula in this context and examine its consequences for the Ihara zeta function. Moreover, we answer in the affirmative one of the questions raised by Grigorchuk and Zuk. Accordingly, we show that the zeta function of a periodic graph with an amenable group action is the limit of the zeta functions of a suitable sequence of finite subgraphs.
Regular graphs to induce even periodic Grover walks
针对偶周期Grover游走的图刻画这一未解决问题，研究者利用Galois理论证明，诱导2l（l为奇整数）周期Grover游走的正则图大多为环图，推进了周期Grover游走的图结构刻画研究。
The definition and main properties of the Ihara zeta function for graphs are reviewed, focusing mainly on the case of periodic simple graphs. Moreover, we give a new proof of the associated determinant formula, based on the treatment developed by Stark and Terras for finite graphs.
In rotor walk on a finite directed graph, the exits from each vertex follow a prescribed periodic sequence. Here we consider the case of rotor walk where a particle starts from a designated source vertex and continues until it hits a designated target set, at which point the walk is restarted from the source. We show that the sequence of successively hit targets, which is easily seen to be eventually periodic, is in fact periodic. We show moreover that reversing the periodic patterns of all rotor sequences causes the periodic pattern of the hitting sequence to be reversed as well. The proofs i…
We show that if a graph $G$ has average degree $\bar d \geq 4$, then the Ihara zeta function of $G$ is edge-reconstructible. We prove some general spectral properties of the edge adjacency operator $T$: it is symmetric for an indefinite form and has a "large" semi-simple part (but it can fail to be semi-simple in general). We prove that this implies that if $\bar d>4$, one can reconstruct the number of non-backtracking (closed or not) walks through a given edge, the Perron-Frobenius eigenvector of $T$ (modulo a natural symmetry), as well as the closed walks that pass through a given edge in bo…
In this paper we study a class of discrete quantum walks, known as bipartite walks. These include the well-known Grover's walks. Any discrete quantum walk is given by the powers of a unitary matrix $U$ indexed by arcs or edges of the underlying graph. The walk is periodic if $U^k=I$ for some positive integer $k$. Kubota has given a characterization of periodicity of Grover's walk when the walk is defined on a regular bipartite graph with at most five eigenvalues. We extend Kubota's results--if a biregular graph $G$ has eigenvalues whose squares are algebraic integers with degree at most two, w…
Grover walks on unitary Cayley graphs and integral regular graphs
本文研究酉Cayley图与整正则图上的Grover游走，刻画了周期酉Cayley图，给出循环图完美态传输充要条件，证明仅4个酉Cayley图有完美态传输，还给出整正则图上Grover游走周期性的谱刻画。
Periodicity and perfect state transfer of Grover walks on quadratic unitary Cayley graphs
本文研究二次酉Cayley图上Grover游走的周期性与完美态传输，确定了所有周期性图及呈现完美态传输的参数 $n$ 值。
We determine connected bipartite regular graphs with four distinct adjacency eigenvalues that induce periodic Grover walks, and show that it is only $C_6$. We also show that there are only three kinds of the second largest eigenvalues of bipartite regular periodic graphs with five distinct eigenvalues. Using walk-regularity, we enumerate feasible spectra for such graphs.
Partially commutative monoids provide a powerful tool to study graphs, viewingwalks as words whose letters, the edges of the graph, obey a specific commutation rule. A particularclass of traces emerges from this framework, the hikes, whose alphabet is the set of simple cycleson the graph. We show that hikes characterize undirected graphs uniquely, up to isomorphism, andsatisfy remarkable algebraic properties such as the existence and uniqueness of a prime factorization.Because of this, the set of hikes partially ordered by divisibility hosts a plethora of relations in directcorrespondence with…
Characterizations graphs of some classes to induce periodic Grover walks have been studied for recent years. In particular, for the strongly regular graphs, it has been known that there are only three kinds of such graphs. Here, we focus on the periodicity of the Grover walks on distance-regular graphs. The distance-regular graph can be regarded as a kind of generalization of the strongly regular graphs and the typical graph with an equitable partition. In this paper, we find some classes of such distance-regular graphs and obtain some useful necessary conditions to induce periodic Grover walk…
The aim of the current work is to prove a law of large numbers for the range size of recurrent rotor walks with random initial configuration on a general class of trees, called periodic trees or directed covers of graphs.
In this paper, we determine periodicity of quantum walks defined by mixed paths and mixed cycles. By the spectral mapping theorem of quantum walks, consideration of periodicity is reduced to eigenvalue analysis of $η$-Hermitian adjacency matrices. First, we investigate coefficients of the characteristic polynomials of $η$-Hermitian adjacency matrices. We show that the characteristic polynomials of mixed trees and their underlying graphs are same. We also define $n+1$ types of mixed cycles and show that every mixed cycle is switching equivalent to one of them. We use these results to discuss pe…
Periodic ASEP and random walks on affine Hecke Algebra
本文研究周期ASEP从阶梯初始条件出发的大时间行为，建立极限形状定理和单个第二类粒子的渐近分布，将周期TASEP结果推广至ASEP，并解释为仿射Hecke代数上随机游走的极限行为。
Characters of symmetric groups: sharp bounds on virtual degrees and the Witten zeta function
本文证明了对称群虚拟度的尖锐界，改进字符界和Witten zeta函数界，并刻画了2步混合的固定点自由共轭类。
We define a correlated random walk (CRW) induced from the time evolution matrix (the Grover matrix) of the Grover walk on a graph $G$, and present a formula for the characteristic polynomial of the transition probability matrix of this CRW by using a determinant expression for the generalized weighted zeta function of $G$. As applications, we give the spectrum of the transition probability matrices for the CRWs induced from the Grover matrices of regular graphs and semiregular bipartite graphs. Furthermore, we consider another type of the CRW on a graph.
Combinatorial zeta functions counting triangles
本文计算了n维流形三角剖分(n-1)-骨架中计数测地路径的组合Zeta函数特殊值，利用随机游走揭示其拓扑意义，恢复了流形的Betti数与环绕数。
We study the distribution of the number of (non-backtracking) periodic walks on large regular graphs. We propose a formula for the ratio between the variance of the number of $t$-periodic walks and its mean, when the cardinality of the vertex set $V$ and the period $t$ approach $\infty$ with $t/V\rightarrow τ$ for any $τ$. This formula is based on the conjecture that the spectral statistics of the adjacency eigenvalues is given by Random Matrix Theory (RMT). We provide numerical and theoretical evidence for the validity of this conjecture. The key tool used in this study is a trace formula whi…
Combinatorial necessary conditions for regular graphs to induce periodic quantum walks
本文利用时间演化矩阵特征值为代数整数及η-Hermitian邻接矩阵系数的组合含义，推导正则混合图上离散时间量子游走周期化的必要条件，并判定混合完全图与素数顶点混合图的周期性。
Spectral characterization of the uniform theta graph $Θ(t,2)$ and classification of 6-periodic Grover walks
本文通过谱刻画均匀 theta 图，并证明荷兰风车图与均匀 theta 图的周期性，完全分类了连通的 6 周期图。
Robustness of periodicity in Grover walks under a magnetic vector potential
研究磁矢势对有限图上周期性格罗弗游走的影响，通过量子图框架引入磁矢势，将其视为微扰研究周期性稳健性，依据图谱结构分析，在图有非单特征值时推导厄米矩阵，揭示微扰动力学与连续时间量子游走的关系。
Concatenations in subshifts defined by linear orders and poles of the Artin-Mazur zeta function
本文研究了由线性序定义的子移位中的连接性质，并探讨了Artin-Mazur齐次函数极点与熵之间的关系，提出了在符号动力学中推广该结果的方法。
In this paper we extend the study of three state lively quantum walks on cycles by considering the coin operator as a linear sum of permutation matrices, which is a generalization of the Grover matrix. First we provide a complete characterization of orthogonal matrices of order $3\times 3$ which are linear sum of permutation matrices. Consequently, we determine several groups of complex, real and rational orthogonal matrices. We establish that an orthogonal matrix of order $3\times 3$ is a linear sum of permutation matrices if and only if it is permutative. Finally we determine period of livel…
Gessel walks are lattice paths confined to the quarter plane that start at the origin and consist of unit steps going either West, East, South-West or North-East. In 2001, Ira Gessel conjectured a nice closed-form expression for the number of Gessel walks ending at the origin. In 2008, Kauers, Koutschan and Zeilberger gave a computer-aided proof of this conjecture. The same year, Bostan and Kauers showed, again using computer algebra tools, that the complete generating function of Gessel walks is algebraic. In this article we propose the first "human proofs" of these results. They are derived …
A continuous-time quantum walk is modelled using a graph. In this short paper, we provide lower bounds on the size of a graph that would allow for some quantum phenomena to occur. Among other things, we show that, in the adjacency matrix quantum walk model, the number of edges is bounded below by a cubic function on the eccentricity of a periodic vertex. This gives some idea on the shape of a graph that would admit periodicity or perfect state transfer. We also raise some extremal type of questions in the end that could lead to future research.
We put forward the concept of measure graphs. These are (possibly uncountable) graphs equipped with an action of a groupoid and a measure invariant under this action. Examples include finite graphs, periodic graphs, graphings and percolation graphs. Making use of Connes' non-commutative integration theory we construct a Zeta function and present a determinant formula for it. We further introduce a notion of weak convergence of measure graphs and show that our construction is compatible with it. The approximation of the Ihara Zeta function via the normalized version on finite graphs in the sens…
Residues of weighted dynamical Ihara zeta functions on finite regular graphs
本文在有限正则图上构造加权动力Ihara zeta函数，证明其亚纯延拓并计算留数，将其与不变Ruelle分布关联，推导出Patterson-Sullivan和Wigner公式，为局部对称空间情形提供有限图类比。
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