大学对引入绩效研究资助的不同反应
The different responses of universities to introduction of performance-based research funding
摘要：
政府和组织设计基于绩效的研究资助系统（PBFRS）的战略目标，如有选择地分配稀缺的资源和刺激研究效率。在这项工作中，我们分析了意大利大学的研究生产力的相对变化后，引入这样一个系统，具有财务和声誉激励。采用文献计量学的方法，我们比较了引进PBFRS前后，在整体，学科和领域水平的大学的相对研究绩效。调查结果显示，大学的表现趋同，这主要是因为表现最差的大学有了显著改善。从地理上看，南部（相对于意大利中部和北部）的大学在相对表现上取得了最大的进步。研究方法和结果对大学管理层和决策者应有所帮助。
英文摘要：
Governments and organizations design performance-based research funding systems (PBFRS) for strategic aims, such as to selectively allocate scarce resources and stimulate research efficiency. In this work we analyze the relative change in research productivity of Italian universities after the introduction of such a system, featuring financial and reputational incentives. Using a bibliometric approach, we compare the relative research performance of universities before and after introduction of PBFRS, at the overall, discipline and field levels. The findings show convergence in the universities' performance, due above all to the remarkable improvement of the lowest performers. Geographically, the universities of the south (versus central and northern Italy) achieved the greatest improvement in relative performance. The methodology, and results, should be of use to university management and policy-makers.
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