分析大学的学科重点：排名可以一刀切吗？
Analyzing the disciplinary focus of universities: Can rankings be a one-size-fits-all?
摘要：
排名现象与政府对大学研究成果财政化的兴趣密切相关。新形式的管理主义已被引入高等教育系统，导致资助机构越来越有兴趣开发外部评估工具来分配资金。排名在很大程度上依赖于文献计量指标。但是文献计量学家对它们的使用非常挑剔。除此之外，他们指出，在分析大学的研究成果时，排名代表了过于简单化的观点，因为他们认为大学是同质的，忽视了学科差异。虽然许多大学排名现在包括按领域排名，但将大学研究活动的复杂框架简化为单一维度会导致判断和决策能力低下。这部分是因为学科专业化对研究评价的影响。本章从方法论的角度分析了排名如何压制学科差异，这是正确解释这些排名的关键因素。
英文摘要：
The phenomenon of rankings is intimately related with the government interest in fiscalizing the research outputs of universities. New forms of managerialism have been introduced into the higher education system, leading to an increasing interest from funding bodies in developing external evaluation tools to allocate funds. Rankings rely heavily on bibliometric indicators. But bibliometricians have been very critical with their use. Among other, they have pointed out the over-simplistic view rankings represent when analyzing the research output of universities, as they consider them as homogeneous ignoring disciplinary differences. Although many university rankings now include league tables by fields, reducing the complex framework of universities' research activity to a single dimension leads to poor judgment and decision making. This is partly because of the influence disciplinary specialization has on research evaluation. This chapter analyzes from a methodological perspective how rankings suppress disciplinary differences which are key factors to interpret correctly these rankings.
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