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arXiv 2102.04324cs.RO
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基于物理自适应运动基元的移动障碍物操作规划

Manipulation Planning Among Movable Obstacles Using Physics-Based Adaptive Motion Primitives

Carnegie Mellon University(卡内基梅隆大学)

Dhruv Mauria Saxena, Muhammad Suhail Saleem, Maxim Likhachev

摘要:

在杂乱场景中的机器人操作通常需要与对象进行接触丰富的交互。通过非抓取动作进行交互可能更经济,例如,推动其他对象以达到所需的抓取姿势,而不是故意对场景进行抓取重排。对于场景中的每个对象,根据其属性,机器人可能会或可能不会被允许接触,倾斜,或推翻它。为了确保这些约束条件得到满足,在非可伸缩的相互作用,规划者可以查询基于物理的模拟器,以评估复杂的多体相互作用所造成的机器人动作。不幸的是,这是不可行的,以查询模拟器的数千个行动,需要评估在一个典型的规划问题,因为每个模拟是耗时的。在这项工作中,我们表明(i)操纵任务(特别是从桌面或冰箱拾取和放置类型的任务)通常可以通过将机器人-对象交互限制为计划中的自适应运动基元来解决,(ii)这些动作可以作为子目标并入多启发式搜索框架内,以及(iii)将交互限制到这些动作可以帮助减少在规划期间查询模拟器所花费的时间,与基线算法相比,减少高达40倍。我们的算法在仿真和现实世界中的PR 2机器人使用PyBullet作为我们的基于物理的模拟器进行评估。补充视频:\url{https://youtu.be/ABQc7JbeJPM}。

英文摘要:

Robot manipulation in cluttered scenes often requires contact-rich interactions with objects. It can be more economical to interact via non-prehensile actions, for example, push through other objects to get to the desired grasp pose, instead of deliberate prehensile rearrangement of the scene. For each object in a scene, depending on its properties, the robot may or may not be allowed to make contact with, tilt, or topple it. To ensure that these constraints are satisfied during non-prehensile interactions, a planner can query a physics-based simulator to evaluate the complex multi-body interactions caused by robot actions. Unfortunately, it is infeasible to query the simulator for thousands of actions that need to be evaluated in a typical planning problem as each simulation is time-consuming. In this work, we show that (i) manipulation tasks (specifically pick-and-place style tasks from a tabletop or a refrigerator) can often be solved by restricting robot-object interactions to adaptive motion primitives in a plan, (ii) these actions can be incorporated as subgoals within a multi-heuristic search framework, and (iii) limiting interactions to these actions can help reduce the time spent querying the simulator during planning by up to 40x in comparison to baseline algorithms. Our algorithm is evaluated in simulation and in the real-world on a PR2 robot using PyBullet as our physics-based simulator. Supplementary video: \url{https://youtu.be/ABQc7JbeJPM}.

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