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arXiv 2201.06645cs.RO
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四旋翼飞行器动态避障的风险感知轨迹采样

Risk-aware Trajectory Sampling for Quadrotor Obstacle Avoidance in Dynamic Environments

Shanghai Jiaotong University(上海交通大学)

Gang Chen, Peng Peng, Peihan Zhang, Wei Dong

摘要:

四旋翼飞行器在动态环境中的避障问题仍然是一个非常开放的问题。目前的工作通常利用传统的静态地图来表示静态障碍物和运动目标的检测和跟踪(DATMO)的方法来建模动态障碍物分开。检测模块需要预先训练,动态障碍物只能建模为特定形状,如圆柱或椭球。本文利用双结构的基于粒子(DSP)的动态占有地图同时表示任意形状的静态障碍物和动态障碍物,并提出一种有效的基于风险感知采样的局部轨迹规划器,实现在此地图上的安全飞行。通过对状态空间中生成的运动基元进行采样来规划轨迹。每个运动基元分为两个阶段:具有严格风险限制的短期阶段和旨在避免高风险区域的相对长期阶段。风险评估与预测的颗粒形式的未来占用状态,考虑时间维度。该规划器通过对任意全局轨迹的拆分和合并,也可用于具有预先规划的全局轨迹的任务。对比实验表明,由DSP地图和我们的规划器组成的避障系统在动态环境中的性能最好。在现实测试中,我们的四旋翼在运动捕捉系统下达到6 m/s的速度,在低价单板计算机上运行时达到2.5 m/s的速度。

英文摘要:

Obstacle avoidance of quadrotors in dynamic environments is still a very open problem. Current works commonly leverage traditional static maps to represent static obstacles and the detection and tracking of moving objects (DATMO) method to model dynamic obstacles separately. The detection module requires pre-training, and the dynamic obstacles can only be modeled with certain shapes, such as cylinders or ellipsoids. This work utilizes the dual-structure particle-based (DSP) dynamic occupancy map to represent the arbitrary-shaped static obstacles and dynamic obstacles simultaneously, and proposes an efficient risk-aware sampling-based local trajectory planner to realize safe flights in this map. The trajectory is planned by sampling motion primitives generated in the state space. Each motion primitive is divided into two phases: a short-term phase with a strict risk limitation and a relatively long-term phase designed to avoid high-risk regions. The risk is evaluated with the predicted particle-form future occupancy status, considering the time dimension. With an approach to split from and merge to an arbitrary global trajectory, the planner can also be used in the tasks with preplanned global trajectories. Comparison experiments show that the obstacle avoidance system composed of the DSP map and our planner performs the best in dynamic environments. In real-world tests, our quadrotor reaches a speed of 6 m/s with the motion capture system and 2.5 m/s with everything running on a low-price single-board computer.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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