arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2102.01205q-bio.PEcs.SYeess.SY
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种群动力学与资源开发概论

Introduction to population dynamics and resource exploitation

Enrico Canuto, Daniele Mazza

摘要:

这篇论文是由第二作者的一个简短的说明提出的,关于应用哈伯特曲线来预测资源开发的衰退。进一步的建议来自于对哈伯特曲线的解释,根据一个特定的洛特卡Volterra(LV)方程。随着人口科学领域中Logistic函数和LV方程的提出,与种群动力学的联系是显而易见的。数学种群动力学已有两个世纪的历史。种群动力学的第一性原理和模型可以看作是马尔萨斯指数律。在十九世纪,马尔萨斯人口模型首次由Gompertz完善,包括死亡率。在十九世纪初,Verhulst通过引入标准逻辑函数进一步完善了该模型。以前的模型只考虑单个物种的种群。二十世纪初,美国人口学家洛特卡和意大利数学家沃尔泰拉提出了一对描述捕食者和被捕食者两个竞争物种的种群动力学的状态方程。本文讨论了单种群和双种群的基本方程:Logistic方程和LV方程。本文首先从广义逻辑斯谛方程出发,推导了其自由响应、平衡点和稳定性性质。将逻辑斯蒂函数的参数估计应用于美国原油产量的原始数据。本文从两个物种竞争的LotkaVolterra方程出发,旨在将其应用于资源开发。最后,研究了LV方程的极限形式,因为它描述了开采资源的生产率与开采中使用的相关资本存量之间的竞争模型。

英文摘要:

The paper was suggested by a brief note of the second author about the application of the Hubbert curve to predict decay of resource exploitation. A further suggestion came from the interpretation of the Hubbert curve in terms of a specific Lotka Volterra (LV) equation. The link with population dynamics was obvious as logistic function and LV equation were proposed within the demography science field. Mathematical population dynamics has a history of about two centuries. The first principle and model of population dynamics can be regarded the exponential law of Malthus. In the XIX century, the Malthusian demographic model was first refined to include mortality rate by Gompertz. In the early XIX century the model was further refined by Verhulst by introducing the standard logistic function. The previous models only concern the population of a single species. In the early XX century, the American demographer Lotka and the Italian mathematician Volterra proposed a pair of state equations which describe the population dynamics of two competing species, the predator and the prey. This paper is concerned with the single and two-species fundamental equations: the logistic and LV equation. The paper starts with the generalized logistic equation whose free response is derived together with equilibrium points and stability properties. The parameter estimation of the logistic function is applied to the raw data of the US crude oil production. The paper proceeds with the Lotka Volterra equation of the competition between two species, with the goal of applying it to resource exploitation. At the end, a limiting version of the LV equation is studied since it describes a competition model between the production rate of exploited resources and the relevant capital stock employed in the exploitation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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