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arXiv 2102.00742eess.SPcs.ITmath.IT
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可重构智能表面:无线应用的信号处理前景

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: A Signal Processing Perspective With Wireless Applications

Emil Björnson, Henk Wymeersch, Bho Matthiesen, Petar Popovski, Luca Sanguinetti, Elisabeth de Carvalho

摘要:

天线阵列技术实现了无线信号的定向发射和接收,用于通信、定位和感测目的。支撑该技术的信号处理算法在几十年前开始开发[1],但随着第五代(5G)无线移动网络的持续部署,它首先成为主流技术[2]。5G基站和用户设备的阵列中的天线元件的数量可以分别测量为100和10的数量级。随着网络转向使用更高的频段,更多的天线适合于给定的孔径。5G的发展增强了发射器和接收器的功能,但无线信道传播仍然是一个不可控的系统。这在图1(a)中示出,其数学符号将在后面介绍。示出了具有三个不同频率的发射信号,以说明衰减可以在不同频率上变化很大的事实。展望5G之后,电磁组件的出现可以塑造它们与无线信号的交互方式,从而实现对传播的部分控制。可重构智能表面(RIS)是工程材料的二维表面,其属性是可重构的而不是静态的[4]。本文从信号处理的角度介绍RIS技术的基本特性。它是对最近电磁和硬件方面[4],[7],[11],声学[12],通信理论[13]和定位[8]调查的补充。我们将提供理解和分析使用信号处理的RIS辅助系统所需的公式和推导,并说明如何将其用于改进通信、定位和传感。

英文摘要:

Antenna array technology enables directional transmission and reception of wireless signals, for communications, localization, and sensing purposes. The signal processing algorithms that underpin this technology began to be developed several decades ago [1], but it is first with the ongoing deployment of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless mobile networks that it becomes a mainstream technology [2]. The number of antenna elements in the arrays of the 5G base stations and user devices can be measured at the order of 100 and 10, respectively. As the networks shift towards using higher frequency bands, more antennas fit into a given aperture. The 5G developments enhance the transmitter and receiver functionalities, but the wireless channel propagation remains an uncontrollable system. This is illustrated in Fig. 1(a) and its mathematical notation will be introduced later. Transmitted signals with three different frequencies are shown to illustrate the fact that attenuation can vary greatly across frequencies. Looking beyond 5G, the advent of electromagnetic components that can shape how they interact with wireless signals enables partial control of the propagation. A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a two-dimensional surface of engineered material whose properties are reconfigurable rather than static [4]. This article provides a tutorial on the fundamental properties of the RIS technology from a signal processing perspective. It is meant as a complement to recent surveys of electromagnetic and hardware aspects [4], [7], [11], acoustics [12], communication theory [13], and localization [8]. We will provide the formulas and derivations that are required to understand and analyze RIS-aided systems using signal processing, and exemplify how they can be utilized for improved communication, localization, and sensing.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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