arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2101.04263stat.MEstat.AP
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随机对照试验中基线后缺失数据时主层效应的加权估计

Weighted Approach for Estimating Effects in Principal Strata with Missing Data for a Categorical Post-Baseline Variable in Randomized Controlled Trials

Shengchun Kong, Dominik Heinzmann, Sabine Lauer, Tian Lu

摘要:

本研究的动机是在一项随机对照试验中研究抗药抗体(ADA)的形成及其对生物治疗长期获益的潜在影响,其中ADA状态不仅在对照组中未观察到,而且在实验治疗组的患者亚组中也未观察到。并发状态,即在由仅在一个组中观察到的随机化后变量定义的组中,并且可能与结局相关。然而,状态信息可能会丢失,即使是不可忽略的患者数量在实验arm.For这种情况下,一种新的加权主分层方法:数据缺失并发事件状态的患者进行重新加权的基础上基线协变量和额外的纵向信息。为不同类型的结局提供了所提出方法的理论依据,并指定和研究了允许对处理效应得出因果结论的假设。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法产生了有效的推理,并对某些违反假设的鲁棒性。在ADA状态作为并发事件的临床研究中,该方法表现良好。

英文摘要:

This research was motivated by studying anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation and its potential impact on long-term benefit of a biologic treatment in a randomized controlled trial, in which ADA status was not only unobserved in the control arm but also in a subset of patients from the experimental treatment arm. Recent literature considers the principal stratum estimand strategy to estimate treatment effect in groups of patients defined by an intercurrent status, i.e. in groups defined by a post-randomization variable only observed in one arm and potentially associated with the outcome. However, status information might be missing even for a non-negligible number of patients in the experimental arm. For this setting, a novel weighted principal stratum approach is presented: Data from patients with missing intercurrent event status were re-weighted based on baseline covariates and additional longitudinal information. A theoretical justification of the proposed approach is provided for different types of outcomes, and assumptions allowing for causal conclusions on treatment effect are specified and investigated. Simulations demonstrated that the proposed method yielded valid inference and was robust against certain violations of assumptions. The method was shown to perform well in a clinical study with ADA status as an intercurrent event.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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