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arXiv 2201.00068stat.MEstat.AP
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用于在临床试验中生成合成对照的贝叶斯非参数公共原子回归

Bayesian Nonparametric Common Atoms Regression for Generating Synthetic Controls in Clinical Trials

Noirrit Kiran Chandra, Abhra Sarkar, John F. de Groot, Ying Yuan, Peter Müller

AI总结:

本研究提出贝叶斯非参数公共原子回归模型,利用电子健康记录为单臂临床试验构建合成对照臂,模拟实验显示其检测治疗效应效力更优,已应用于胶质母细胞瘤研究补充对照。

摘要:

电子健康记录(EHR)的可及性为利用现成真实世界数据补充成本日益高昂、开展难度日益增大的随机对照试验(RCT)提供了机遇。本文利用EHR数据为仅设治疗组的单臂试验构建合成对照臂。我们提出了一种新型非参数贝叶斯公共原子混合模型,该模型可在EHR与治疗组中找到等效的人群分层,随后对EHR数据进行重采样,以构建单臂试验与重采样EHR下的等效患者人群。重采样通过无密度重要性采样方案实现。借助合成对照臂,可使用任意适用于RCT的方法开展治疗效应推断。此外,所提出的非参数贝叶斯模型可支持直接的基于模型的推断。在模拟实验中,所提方法在检测治疗效应方面表现出比对比方法更高的统计效力,尤其针对非线性响应函数场景。我们将该方法应用于仅设治疗组的胶质母细胞瘤单臂研究,基于历史试验构建合成对照臂以作补充。

英文摘要:

The availability of electronic health records (EHR) has opened opportunities to supplement increasingly expensive and difficult to carry out randomized controlled trials (RCT) with evidence from readily available real world data. In this paper, we use EHR data to construct synthetic control arms for treatment-only single arm trials. We propose a novel nonparametric Bayesian common atoms mixture model that allows us to find equivalent population strata in the EHR and the treatment arm and then resample the EHR data to create equivalent patient populations under both the single arm trial and the resampled EHR. Resampling is implemented via a density-free importance sampling scheme. Using the synthetic control arm, inference for the treatment effect can then be carried out using any method available for RCTs. Alternatively the proposed nonparametric Bayesian model allows straightforward model-based inference. In simulation experiments, the proposed method exhibits higher power than alternative methods in detecting treatment effects, specifically for non-linear response functions. We apply the method to supplement single arm treatment-only glioblastoma studies with a synthetic control arm based on historical trials.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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