Recently, we have determined the spectrum and the wave functions of the Hamiltonian of a Landau particle with time-dependent mass and frequency undergoing the influence of a uniform time-dependent electric field[J. Math. Phys. 56, 072104 (2018)]. In the present paper we extend the study of this model that we name the time-dependent Landau problem into the context of coherent states. By means of the traditional factorization method of the eigenfunctions of this system expressed in terms of the generalized Laguerre polynomials, we derive the generators of the su(1,1) Lie algebra and we construct the coherent states a la Barut-Girardello. These states are shown to satisfy the Klauder's mathematical requirement to build coherent states and some of their statistical properties are calculated and analyzed. We find that these states are sub-Poissonian in nature. We show that, addition of photons from these coherent states, increases the statistical properties and changes the mathematical properties of these states.
A discrete completeness relation and a continuous one with a positive measure are found for the photon-added squeezed vacuum states. Extension to the photon-added squeezed one-photon states is considered. Photon-added coherent states on a circle are introduced. Their normalization and unity resolution relation are given.
Explicit expressions for optical tomograms of the photon-added coherent states, even/odd photon-added coherent states and photon-added thermal states are given in terms of Hermite polynomials. Suggestions for experimental homodyne detection of the considered photon states are presented.
We prove that whenever the coherent information of a one-mode Gaussian channel is non-zero its supremum is achieved for the infinite input power. This is a well established fact for the zero added classical noise, whereas the nonzero case has not been studied in detail. The presented analysis fills the gap for three canonical classes of one-mode Gaussian channels: the lossy, amplifying and additive classical noise channel class. For the remaining one-mode Gaussian channel classes the coherent information is known to vanish.
Photon-added coherent states have been realized in optical parametric down-conversion by Zavatta {\em et al} [Science 306 (2004) 660-662]. In this report, it is established that the states generated in the process are {\em ideal} photon-added coherent states. It is shown that the scheme can generate higher order photon-added coherent states. A comparative study of the down-conversion process and atom-cavity interaction in generating the photon-added coherent states is presented.
We construct the photon added coherent states of a noncommutative harmonic oscillator associated to a $q$-deformed oscillator algebra. Various nonclassical properties of the corresponding system are explored, first, by studying two different types of higher order quadrature squeezing, namely the Hillery-type and the Hong--Mandel-type and, second, by testing the sub-Poissonian nature of photon statistics in higher order with the help of the correlation function and the Mandel parameter. By comparing our results with those of the usual harmonic oscillator, we notice that the quadratures and phot…
From the photon-added one-photon nonlinear coherent states $a^{\dagger m}|α,f>$, we introduce a new type of nonlinear coherent states with negative values of $m.$ The nonlinear coherent states corresponding to the positive and negative values of $m$ are shown to be the result of nonunitarily deforming the number states $|m>$ and $|0>$, respectively. As an example, we study the sub-Poissonian statistics and squeezing effects of the photon-added geometric states with negative values of $m$ in detail. Finally we investigate the photon-added two-photon nonlinear coherent states and find that they …
Dirac fermions in graphene may experiment dispersive pseudo-Landau levels due to a homogeneous pseudomagnetic field and a position-dependent Fermi velocity induced by strain. In this paper, we study the (semi-classical) dynamics of these particles under such a physical context from an approach of coherent states. For this purpose we use a Landau-like gauge to built Perelomov coherent states by the action of a non-unitary displacement operator $D(α)$ on the fundamental state of the system. We analyze the time evolution of the probability density and the generalized uncertainty principle as well…
Following the lines of the recent papers [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44, 495201 (2012); Eur. Phys. J. D 67, 179 (2013)], we construct here a new class of generalized coherent states related to the Landau levels, which can be used as the finite Fock subspaces for the representation of the $su(2)$ Lie algebra. We establish the relationship between them and the deformed truncated coherent states. We have, also, shown that they satisfy the resolution of the identity property through a positive definite measures on the complex plane. Their nonclassical and quantum statistical properties such as quadr…
We propose a simple scheme to generate an arbitrary photon-added coherent state of a travelling optical field by using only a set of degenerate parametric amplifiers and single-photon detectors. Particularly, when the single-photon-added coherent state (SPACS) is observed by following, e.g., the novel technique of Zavatta \emph{$et al.$} (Science 306, 660 (2004)), we also obtain the generalized optical entangled $W$ state. Finally, a qualitative analysis of possible losses in our scheme is given.
The Berry phases for coherent states and squeezed coherent states of Landau levels are calculated. Coherent states of Landau levels are interpreted as a result of a magnetic flux moved adiabatically from infinity to a finite place on the plane. The Abelian Berry phase for coherent states of Landau levels is an analog of the Aharonov- Bohm effect. Moreover, the non-Abelian Berry phase is calculated for the adiabatic evolution of the magnetic field B.
We propose a feasible scheme to realize the optical entanglement of single-photon-added coherent state (SPACS) and show that, besides the Sanders entangled coherent state, the entangled SPACS also leads to new forms of hybrid entanglement of quantum Fock state and classical coherent state. We probe the essential difference of two types of hybrid entangled state (HES). This HES provides a novel link between the discrete- and the continuous-variable entanglement in a natural way.
In this paper we investigate the security of continuous variable BB84 quantum key distribution protocol using single photon added then subtracted squeezed coherent state SPASSCS. It's found that the SPASSCS is a non-Gaussian and nonclassical state. Its non-Gaussianity and non-classicality are exhibited via the Wigner function. It's shown that the proposed state is generally robust against the eavesdropping strategies, such as intercept-resend attack and superior channel attack. Further, a comparative study has proved the strong efficiency of the proposed state over coherent state, squeezed coh…
Beam splitter mediated entanglement of nonlinear photon-added coherent states was studied by Honarasa, Bagheri and Gharaati [1]. We believe that this work contains errors in numerical computations of linear entropy and Mandel parameter which lead to wrong conclusions. We point out the possible errors and describe the necessary corrections. The conclusions based on our arguments are in complete agreement with previously published literature.
In this paper, we construct the $m$-photon-added and $m$-photon-subtracted coherent states on a sphere. These states are shown to satisfy the usual conditions of continuity in the label, normalizability and the resolution of identity. The preparation of the constructed states, as the states of radiation field is considered. We examine and analyze the nonclassical properties of these states, including the photon mean number, Mandel parameter and quadrature squeezing. We find that these states are sub-Poissonian in nature, whereas the degree of squeezing is reduced (enhanced) by increasing $m$ f…
Travelling modes of single-photon-added coherent states (SPACS) are characterized via optical homodyne tomography. Given a set of experimentally measured quadrature distributions, we estimate parameters of the state and also extract information about the detector efficiency. The method used is a minimal distance estimation between theoretical and experimental quantities, which additionally allows to evaluate the precision of estimated parameters. Given experimental data, we also estimate the lower and upper bounds on fidelity. The results are believed to encourage preciser engineering and dete…
In this paper, We investigate three-mode photon-added Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled coherent states by repeatedly operating the photon-added operator on the GHZ entangled coherent states. The product of two Laguerre polynomials is demonstrated to be connected to the normalizing constant. The influence of the operation on the non-classical and non-Gaussian behavior of the GHZ entangled coherent states is investigated. Sub-Poissonian statistics, such as Mandel's parameter and the negativity of the Wigner function, show that non-classical properties can enhance GHZ entangled coheren…
Adding excitations on a coherent state provides an effective way to observe nonclassical properties of radiation fields. Here we describe and analyse how to apply this concept to the motional state of a mechanical oscillator and present a full scheme to prepare non-Gaussian {\it phonon}-added coherent states of the mechanical motion in cavity optomechanics. We first generate a mechanical coherent state using electromagnetically induced transparency. We then add a single phonon onto the coherent state via optomechanical parametric down-conversion combined with single photon detection. We valida…
We investigate the influence of photon excitations on quantum correlations in tripartite Glauber coherent states of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger type. The pairwise correlations are measured by means of the entropy-based quantum discord. We also analyze the monogamy property of quantum discord in this class of tripartite states in terms of the strength of Glauber coherent states and the photon excitation order.
We analyze detailed properties of BPS coherent states and their connection to gravity. We interpret the group integral coherent state as a path integral over auxiliary variables coupled to the elementary letters of the theory. The eigenvalues of coherent state amplitudes can be viewed as collective coordinates of giant gravitons. Inspired by the above coherent states and by the integrability, we construct a new type of coherent states in the SL(2) sectors and their cousin PSU(1,1|2) sectors, analogous to the aforementioned coherent states. The large spin and small spin limits can be obtained b…
The single-photon-added coherent state (SPACS), as an intermediate classical-to-purely-quantum state, was first realized recently by Zavatta \emph{$et al.$} (Science 306, 660 (2004)). We show here that the success probability of their SPACS generation can be enhanced by a simple method which leads to simultaneous creations of a discrete-variable entangled state and a SPACS or even a hybrid-variable entangled SPACS in two different channels. The impacts of the input thermal noise are also analyzed.
In this paper, ordinary and amplitude-squared squeezing as well as Wigner functions of single-photon-added coherent state after postselected von Neumann measurements are investigated. The analytical results show that the von Neumann type measurement which is characterized by post-selection and weak value can significantly change the squeezing feature of single-photon-added coherent state. It is also found that the postselected measurement can increase the nonclassicality of the original state in strong measurement regimes. It is anticipated that this work could may provide an alternate and eff…
The states $|α,m>$, defined as ${a^{\dagger}}^{m}|α>$ up to a normalization constant and $m$ is a nonnegative integer, are shown to be the eigenstates of $f(\hat{n},m)\hat{a}$ where $f(\hat{n},m)$ is a nonlinear function of the number operator $\hat{n}$. The explicit form of $f(\hat{n},m)$ is constructed. The eigenstates of this operator for negative values of $m$ are introduced. The properties of these states are discussed and compared with those of the state $|α,m >$.
We construct Deformed Photon Added Nonlinear Coherent States (DPANCSs) by application of the deformed creation operator upon the Nonlinear Coherent States obtained as eigenstates of the deformed annihilation operator and by application of a deformed displacement operator upon the vacuum state. We evaluate some statistical properties like the Mandel parameter, Husimi and Wigner functions for these states and analyze their differences, we give closed analytical expressions for them. We found a profound difference in the statistical properties of the DPANCSs obtained from the two above mentioned …
We theoretically investigate the phase sensitivity with parity detection on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a coherent state combined with a photon-added squeezed vacuum state. When the phase shift approaches zero, the squeezed vacuum state is indeed the optimal state within a constraint on the average number of photons. However, when the phase shift to be estimated slightly deviates from zero, the optimal state is neither the squeezed vacuum state nor the photon-subtracted squeezed vacuum state, but the photon-added squeezed vacuum state when they carry many photons. Finally, we show that …
In this work, the measurement transition as well as precision measurement advantages of single-photon-added coherent state after postselected von Neumann measurement are investigated. We noticed that the weak-to-strong measurement transition characterized by the shifts of pointer's position and momentum variables occurred in continuously by controlling a dimensionless parameter associated with system-pointer coupling. We calculate the ratio between the signal-to-noise ratio of nonpostselected and postselected measurements, and the latter is used to find the quantum Fisher information. We found…
Nonclassical properties of photon added and photon subtracted squeezed coherent states have been compared with specific focus on the higher order nonclassicalities, such as higher order squeezing, higher order sub-Poissonian photon statistics, higher order antibunching. It is observed that both photon added and photon subtracted squeezed coherent states are highly nonclassical as they satisfy criteria for all of the above mentioned nonclassicalities and a set of other criteria including negativity of Wigner function, Klyshko's criterion and Agarwal's $(A_{3})$ parameter. Further, the amount of…
Quantum-Enhanced Phase Estimation with Photon-Added Even and Odd Coherent States in an SU(1,1) Interferometer
University of Ibn Tofail（伊本·图费勒大学）；Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)（阿卜杜斯·萨拉姆理论物理国际中心）；Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)（基础科学研究所）
The effects of von Neumann postselected measurement on nonclassicality of single-photon-added coherent state (SPACS) are studied. Explicit expressions and analytical results for various field properties of SPACS such as the photon number distribution, the Mandel Q_{m} factor and the squeezing parameter of field quadrature after postselected von Neumann measurement are investigated. The results showed that the nonclassicality of SPACS after measurement changed dramatically than initial state. The measurement let SPACS possess more strong sub-Poissonian photon statistics in some definite couplin…
Production and analysis of non-Gaussian radiation fields has evinced a lot of attention recently. Simplest way of generating such non-Gaussians is through adding (subtracting) photons to Gaussian fields. Interestingly, when photons are added to classical Gaussian fields, the resulting states exhibit {\em non-classicality}. Two important classical Gaussian radiation fields are coherent and thermal states. Here, we study the non-classical features of such states when photons are added to them. Non-classicality of these states shows up in the negativity of the Wigner function. We also work out th…
The addition of a photon into the same mode as a coherent state produces a nonclassical state that has interesting features, including quadrature squeezing and a sub-Poissonian photon-number distribution. The squeezed nature of photon-added coherent (PAC) states potentially offers an advantage in quantum sensing applications. Previous theoretical works have employed a single-mode treatment of PAC states. Here, we use a continuous-mode approach that allows us to model PAC state pulses. We study the properties of a single-photon and coherent state wavepacket superimposed with variable temporal a…
Non Gaussian states and processes are useful resources in quantum information with continuous variables. An experimentally accessible criterion has been proposed to measure the degree of non Gaussianity of quantum states, based on the conditional entropy of the state with a Gaussian reference. Here we adopt such criterion to characterise an important class of non classical states, single-photon added coherent states. Our studies demonstrate the reliability and sensitivity of this measure, and use it to quantify how detrimental is the role of experimental imperfections in our realisation.
We study the degree of entanglement of arbitrary superpositions of $m,n$ photon-added coherent states (PACS) $|ψ\rangle \propto u |α,m\rangle |β,n \rangle+ v |β,n\rangle |α,m\rangle$ using the concurrence, and obtain the general conditions for maximal entanglement. We show that photon addition process can be identified as an entanglement enhancer operation for superpositions of coherent states (SCS). Specifically for the known bipartite positive SCS: $|ψ\rangle \propto |α\rangle_a |-α\rangle_b + |-α\rangle_a |α\rangle_b $ whose entanglement tends to zero for $α\to 0$, can be maximal if al leas…
Probabilistic amplification through photon addition, at the output of an Mach-Zehnder interferometer is discussed for a coherent input state. When a metric of signal to noise ratio is considered, nondeterministic, noiseless amplification of a coherent state shows improvement over a standard coherent state, for the general addition of $m$ photons. The efficiency of realizable implementation of photon addition is also considered and shows how the collected statistics of a post selected state, depend on this efficiency. We also consider the effects of photon loss and inefficient detectors.
Following an approach based on generating function method phase space characteristics of Landau system are studied in the autonomous framework of deformation quantization. Coherent state property of generating functions is established and marginal probability densities along canonical coordinate lines are derived. Well defined analogs of inner product, Cauchy-Bunyakowsy-Schwarz inequality and state functional have been defined in phase space and they have been used in analyzing the uncertainty structures. The general form of the uncertainty relation for two real-valued functions is derived and…
In this paper, we will try to present a general formalism for the construction of {\it deformed photon-added nonlinear coherent states} (DPANCSs) $|α, f, m>$, which in special case lead to the well-known photon-added coherent state (PACS) $|α, m>$. Some algebraic structures of the introduced DPANCSs are studied and particularly the resolution of the identity, as the most important property of generalized coherent states, is investigated. Meanwhile, it will be demonstrated that, the introduced states can also be classified in the $f$-deformed coherent states, with a special nonlinearity functio…
We consider sweeping a system through a Landau-Zener avoided-crossing, when that system is also coupled to an environment or noise. Unsurprisingly, we find that decoherence suppresses the coherent oscillations of quantum superpositions of system states, as superpositions decohere into mixed states. However, we also find an effect we call "Lamb-assisted coherent oscillations", in which a Lamb shift exponentially enhances the coherent oscillation amplitude. This dominates for high-frequency environments such as super-Ohmic environments, where the coherent oscillations can grow exponentially as e…
We obtain and investigate the regular eigenfunctions of simple differential operators x^r d^{r+1}/dx^{r+1}, r=1, 2, ... with the eigenvalues equal to one. With the help of these eigenfunctions we construct a non-unitary analogue of boson displacement operator which will be acting on the vacuum. In this way we generate collective quantum states of the Fock space which are normalized and equipped with the resolution of unity with the positive weight functions that we obtain explicitly. These states are thus coherent states in the sense of Klauder. They span the truncated Fock space without first…
Boson sampling is a specific quantum computation, which is likely hard to implement efficiently on a classical computer. The task is to sample the output photon number distribution of a linear optical interferometric network, which is fed with single-photon Fock state inputs. A question that has been asked is if the sampling problems associated with any other input quantum states of light (other than the Fock states) to a linear optical network and suitable output detection strategies are also of similar computational complexity as boson sampling. We consider the states that differ from the Fo…
We investigate the nonclassicality of photon-added coherent states in the photon loss channel by exploring the entanglement potential and negative Wigner distribution. The total negative probability defined by the absolute value of the integral of the Wigner function over the negative distribution region reduces with the increase of decay time. The total negative probability and the entanglement potential of pure photon-added coherent states exhibit the similar dependence on the beam intensity. The reduce of the total negative probability is consistent with the behavior of entanglement potenti…
Recent experimental advances in the reconstruction of the Wigner function (WF) for electronic systems have led us to consider the possibility of employing this theoretical tool in the analysis of electron dynamics of uniaxially strained graphene. In this paper, we study the effect of strain on the WF of electrons in graphene under the interaction of a uniform magnetic field. This mechanical deformation modifies drastically the shape of the Wigner function of Landau and coherent states. The WF has a different behavior straining the material along the zigzag direction in comparison with the armc…
The ordinary Landau problem consists of describing a charged particle in time-independent magnetic field. In the present case the problem is generalized onto time-dependent uniform electric fields with time-dependent mass and harmonic frequency [1].The spectrum of a Hamiltonian describing this system is obtained. The configuration space wave functions of the model is expressed in terms of the generalised Laguerre polynomials. To diagonalize the time-dependent Hamiltonian we employ the Lewis-Riesenfeld method of invariants. To this end, we introduce an unitary transformation in the framework of…
We show that conditional output measurement on a beam splitter may be used to produce photon-added states for a large class of signal-mode quantum states, such as thermal states, coherent states, squeezed states, displaced photon-number states, and coherent phase states. Combining a mode prepared in such a state and a mode prepared in a photon-number state, the state of the mode in one of the output channels of the beam splitter ``collapses'' to a photon-added state, provided that no photons are detected in the other output channel. We present analytical and numerical results, with special emp…
Landau-Zener transition (LZT) has been explored in a variety of physical systems for coherent population transfer between different quantum states. In recent years, there have been various proposals for applying LZT to quantum information processing because when compared to the methods using ac pulse for coherent population transfer, protocols based on LZT are less sensitive to timing errors. However, the effect of finite range of qubit energy available to LZT based state control operations has not been thoroughly examined. In this work, we show that using the well-known Landau-Zener formula i…
We study the nonclassicality of the evolution of a superposition of an arbitrary number of photon-added squeezed coherent Schrödinger cat states in a nonlinear Kerr medium. The nonlinearity of the medium gives rise to the periodicities of the quantities such as the Wehrl entropy $S_{Q}$ and the negativity $δ_{W}$ of the $W$-distribution, and a series of local minima of these quantities arise at the rational submultiples of the said period. At these local minima the evolving state coincides with the transient Yurke-Stoler type of photon-added squeezed kitten states, which, for the choice of the…
We investigate a Landau-Zener (LZ) transition process modeled by a quantum two-level system (TLS) coupled to a photon mode when the bias energy is varied linearly in time. The initial state of the photon field is assumed to be a superposition of coherent states, leading to a more intricate LZ transition. Applying the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), analytical results are obtained revealing the enhancement of the LZ probability by increasing the average photon number. We also consider the creation of entanglement and the change of photon statistics during the LZ process. Without the RWA, we …
In this paper, a continuous variable B92 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is proposed using single photon added and subtracted coherent states, which are prepared by adding and subsequently subtracting a single photon on a coherent state. It is established that in contrast to the traditional discrete variable B92 protocol, this protocol for QKD is intrinsically robust against the unambiguous state discrimination attack, which circumvents the requirement for any uninformative states or entanglement used in corresponding discrete variable case as a remedy for this attack. Further, it is s…
We study generation and dynamics of an exchange spin qubit encoded in three coherently coupled quantum dots with three electrons. For two geometries of the system a linear and a triangular one, the creation and coherent control of the qubit states are performed by the Landau--Zener transitions. In the triangular case both the qubit states are equivalent and can be easily generated for particular symmetries of the system. If one of the dots is smaller than the others one can observe Rabi oscillations, that can be used for coherent manipulation of the qubit states. The linear system is easier to…
We construct the coherent states for charge carriers in a graphene layer immersed in crossed external electric and magnetic fields. For that purpose, we solve the Dirac-Weyl equation in a Landau-like gauge avoiding applying techniques of special relativity, and thus we identify the appropriate rising and lowering operators associated to the system. We explicitly construct the coherent states as eigenstates of a matrix annihilation operator with complex eigenvalues. In order to describe the effects of both fields on these states, we obtain the probability and current densities, the Heisenberg u…
Increasing and stabilizing the coherence of superconducting quantum circuits and resonators is of utmost importance for various technologies ranging from quantum information processors to highly sensitive detectors of low-temperature radiation in astrophysics. A major source of noise in such devices is a bath of quantum two-level systems (TLSs) with broad distribution of energies, existing in disordered dielectrics and on surfaces. Here we study the dielectric loss of superconducting resonators in the presence of a periodic electric bias field, which sweeps near-resonant TLSs in and out of res…
