In this paper we compute new values of Iwahori Whittaker functions on $n$-fold metaplectic covers $\widetilde{G}$ of $\mathbf{G}(F)$ with $\mathbf{G}$ a split reductive group over a non-archimedean local field $F$. For every Iwahori Whittaker function $ϕ$, and for every $g\in\widetilde{G}$, we evaluate $ϕ(g)$ by recurrence relations over the Weyl group using novel "vector Demazure-Whittaker operators." The general formula and strategy of proof are inspired by ideas appearing in the theory of integrable systems. Specializing to the case of $\mathbf{G} = \mathbf{GL}_r$, we construct a solvable lattice model of a new type associated with the quantum affine super group $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}(r|n))$ and prove that its partition function equals $ϕ(g)$. To prove this equality we match the recurrence relations on the lattice model side (obtained from the Yang-Baxter equation) to the recurrence relations for $ϕ(g)$ derived by using the representation theory of $\widetilde{G}$. Remarkably, there is a bijection between the boundary data specifying the partition function and the data determining all values of the Whittaker functions.
We construct a family of solvable lattice models whose partition functions include $p$-adic Whittaker functions for general linear groups from two very different sources: from Iwahori-fixed vectors and from metaplectic covers. Interpolating between them by Drinfeld twisting, we uncover unexpected relationships between Iwahori and metaplectic Whittaker functions. This leads to new Demazure operator recurrence relations for spherical metaplectic Whittaker functions. In prior work of the authors it was shown that the row transfer matrices of certain lattice models for spherical metaplectic Whitta…
We show that spherical Whittaker functions on an $n$-fold cover of the general linear group arise naturally from the quantum Fock space representation of $U_q(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}(n))$ introduced by Kashiwara, Miwa and Stern (KMS). We arrive at this connection by reconsidering solvable lattice models known as `metaplectic ice' whose partition functions are metaplectic Whittaker functions. First, we show that a certain Hecke action on metaplectic Whittaker coinvariants agrees (up to twisting) with a Hecke action of Ginzburg, Reshetikhin, and Vasserot. This allows us to expand the framework o…
This paper establishes a combinatorial link between different approaches to constructing Whittaker functions on a metaplectic group over a non-archimedean local field. We prove a metaplectic analogue of Tokuyama's Theorem and give a crystal description of polynomials related to Iwahori-Whittaker functions. The proof relies on formulas of metaplectic Demazure and Demazure-Lusztig operators, proved previously in joint work with Gautam Chinta and Paul E. Gunnells.
We relate Iwahori-Whittaker functions on metaplectic covers to certain Demazure-Lusztig operators, the latter of which are built from a Weyl group action previously considered by G. Chinta and P. Gunnells. Using a certain combinatorial identity for the sum of these Demazure-Lusztig operators, we obtain an analogue of the Casselman-Shalika formula for spherical Whittaker functions in this context.
In a previous paper the first two named authors defined an action of a Weyl group on rational functions and used it to construct multiple Dirichlet series. These series are related to Whittaker functions on an n-fold metaplectic cover of a reductive group. In this paper, we define metaplectic analogues of the Demazure and Demazure-Lusztig operators. We show how these operators, together with results of McNamara, can be used to compute Whittaker functions on metaplectic groups over p-adic fields.
Starting from some linear algebraic data (a Weyl-group invariant bilinear form) and some arithmetic data (a bilinear Steinberg symbol), we construct a cover of a Kac-Moody group generalizing the work of Matsumoto. Specializing our construction over non-archimedean local fields, for each positive integer n we obtain the notion of $n$-fold metaplectic covers of Kac-Moody groups. In this setting, we prove a Casselman-Shalika type formula for Whittaker functions.
We give a recursive method for computing all values of a basis of Whittaker functions for unramified principal series invariant under an Iwahori or parahoric subgroup of a split reductive group $G$ over a nonarchimedean local field $F$. Structures in the proof have surprising analogies to features of certain solvable lattice models. In the case $G=\mathrm{GL}_r$ we show that there exist solvable lattice models whose partition functions give precisely all of these values. Here `solvable' means that the models have a family of Yang-Baxter equations which imply, among other things, that their par…
We will give new applications of quantum groups to the study of spherical Whittaker functions on the metaplectic $n$-fold cover of $GL(r,F)$, where $F$ is a nonarchimedean local field. Earlier Brubaker, Bump, Friedberg, Chinta and Gunnells had shown that these Whittaker functions can be identified with the partition functions of statistical mechanical systems. They postulated that a Yang-Baxter equation underlies the properties of these Whittaker functions. We confirm this, and identify the corresponding Yang-Baxter equation with that of the quantum affine Lie superalgebra $U_{\sqrt{v}}(\wideh…
In this paper, we extend results connecting quantum groups to spherical Whittaker functions on metaplectic covers of $GL_r(F)$, for $F$ a nonarchimedean local field. Brubaker, Buciumas, and Bump showed that for a certain metaplectic $n$-fold cover of $GL_r(F)$ a set of Yang-Baxter equations model the action of standard intertwiners on principal series Whittaker functions. These equations arise from a Drinfeld twist of the quantum affine Lie superalgebra $U_{\sqrt{v}}(\widehat{\frak{gl}}(n)),$ where $v = q^{-1}$ for $q$ the cardinality of the residue field. We extend their results to all metapl…
We study Whittaker functions on nonlinear coverings of simple algebraic groups over a non-archimedean local field. We produce a recipe for expressing such a Whittaker function as a weighted sum over a crystal graph, and show that in type A, these expressions agree with known formulae for the prime power supported coefficients of Multiple Dirichlet Series.
In this paper we prove, for G a connected reductive algebraic group satisfying a technical assumption, that the Satake category of G (with coefficients in a finite field, a finite extension of Q_l, or the ring of integers of such a field) can be described via Iwahori-Whittaker perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian. As an application, we confirm a conjecture of Juteau-Mautner-Williamson describing the tilting objects in the Satake category.
The classical theta correspondence, based on the Weil representation, allows one to lift automorphic representations on symplectic groups or their double covers to automorphic representations on special orthogonal groups. It is of interest to vary the orthogonal group and describe the behavior in this theta tower (the Rallis tower). In prior work, the authors obtained an extension of the classical theta correspondence to higher degree metaplectic covers of symplectic and special orthogonal groups that is based on the tensor product of the Weil representation with another small representation. …
We give a combinatorial evaluation of Iwahori Whittaker functions for unramified genuine principal series representations on metaplectic covers of the general linear group over a non-archimedean local field. To describe the combinatorics, we introduce new combinatorial data that we call colored data: colored Lusztig data, colored Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns, and colored lattice models. We show that all three are equivalent. To achieve the result, we give an explicit Iwahori decomposition for the maximal unipotent subgroup of a split reductive group which gives the parametrization of the generaliz…
We study Whittaker coefficients for maximal parabolic Eisenstein series on metaplectic covers of split reductive groups. By the theory of Eisenstein series these coefficients have meromorphic continuation and functional equation. However they are not Eulerian and the standard methods to compute them in the reductive case do not apply to covers. For "cominuscule" maximal parabolics, we give an explicit description of the coefficients as Dirichlet series whose arithmetic content is expressed in an exponential sum. The exponential sum is then shown to satisfy a twisted multiplicativity, reducing …
In this paper, we consider how to express an Iwahori--Whittaker function through Demazure characters. Under some interesting combinatorial conditions, we obtain an explicit formula and thereby a generalization of the Casselman--Shalika formula. Under the same conditions, we compute the transition matrix between two natural bases for the space of Iwahori fixed vectors of an induced representation of a p-adic group; this generalizes a result of Bump--Nakasuji.
We present a new framework for a broad class of affine Hecke algebra modules, and show that such modules arise in a number of settings involving representations of $p$-adic groups and $R$-matrices for quantum groups. Instances of such modules arise from (possibly non-unique) functionals on $p$-adic groups and their metaplectic covers, such as the Whittaker functionals. As a byproduct, we obtain new, algebraic proofs of a number of results concerning metaplectic Whittaker functions. These are thus expressed in terms of metaplectic versions of Demazure operators, which are built out of $R$-matri…
We describe the structure of the Whittaker or Gelfand-Graev module on a $n$-fold metaplectic cover of a $p$-adic group $G$ at both the Iwahori and spherical level. We express our answer in terms of the representation theory of a quantum group at a root of unity attached to the Langlands dual group of $G$. To do so, we introduce an algebro-combinatorial model for these modules and develop for them a Kazhdan-Lusztig theory involving new generic parameters. These parameters can either be specialized to Gauss sums to recover the $p$-adic theory or to the natural grading parameter in the representa…
For Iwahori-spherical representations of non-Archimedean general linear groups, Chan-Savin recently expressed the Whittaker functor as a restriction to an isotypic component of a finite Iwahori-Hecke algebra module. We generalize this method to describe principal degenerate Whittaker functors. Concurrently, we view Murnaghan's formula for the Harish-Chandra--Howe character as a Grothendieck group expansion of the same module. Comparing the two approaches through the lens of Zelevinsky's PSH-algebras, we obtain an explicit unitriangular transition matrix between coefficients of the character ex…
We use techniques from statistical mechanics to provide new formulas for Whittaker coefficients of metaplectic Eisenstein series on odd orthogonal groups, matching Friedberg and Zhang. We study a particular variation/generalization of the six-vertex model of Cartan type C having "domain-wall boundary conditions" dependent on a given integer partition $λ$ of length at most $r$, where $r$ is a fixed positive integer. More precisely, we examine a planar, non-nested, U-turn model whose partition functions $Z_λ$ are a generalization of a deformation of characters of the symplectic group $\operatorn…
This paper gives the classification of the Whittaker unitary dual for affine graded Hecke algebras of type E. By the Iwahori-Matsumoto involution, this is equivalent also to the classification of the spherical unitary dual for type E. This work completes the classification of the Whittaker Iwahori-spherical unitary dual, or equivalently, the spherical unitary dual, of split linear algebraic p-adic groups.
Half-integral weight modular forms are naturally viewed as automorphic forms on the so-called metaplectic covering of $\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{Q}})$ -- a central extension by the roots of unity $μ_2$ in $\mathbf{Q}$. For an odd prime number $p$, we give a complete classification of the smooth irreducible genuine mod-$p$ representations of the corresponding covering of $\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbf{Q}_p)$ by showing that the functor of taking pro-$p$-Iwahori-invariants and its left adjoint define a bijection onto the set of simple right modules of the pro-$p$ Iwahori Hecke algebr…
Let $G^{(r)}$ denote the metaplectic covering group of the linear algebraic group $G$. In this paper we study conditions on unramified representations of the group $G^{(r)}$ not to have a nonzero Whittaker function. We state a general Conjecture about the possible unramified characters $χ$ such that the unramified sub-representation of $Ind_{B^{(r)}}^{G^{(r)}}χδ_B^{1/2}$ will have no nonzero Whittaker function. We prove this Conjecture for the groups $GL_n^{(r)}$ with $r\ge n-1$, and for the exceptional groups $G_2^{(r)}$ when $r\ne 2$.
This paper studies spherical Whittaker functions for central extensions of reductive groups over local fields. We follow the development of Chinta and Offen to produce a metaplectic Casselman-Shalika formula for tame covers of all unramified groups.
Spherical Whittaker functions on the metaplectic n-fold cover of GL(r+1) over a nonarchimedean local field containing n distinct n-th roots of unity may be expressed as the partition functions of statistical mechanical systems that are variants of the six-vertex model. If n=1 then in view of the Casselman-Shalika formula this fact is related to Tokuyama's deformation of the Weyl character formula. It is shown that various properties of these Whittaker functions may be expressed in terms of the commutativity of row transfer matrices for the system. Potentially these properties (which are alread…
We adapt the conjectural local Langlands parameterization to split metaplectic groups over local fields. When $\tilde G$ is a central extension of a split connected reductive group over a local field (arising from the framework of Brylinski and Deligne), we construct a dual group $\mathbf{\tilde G}^\vee$ and an L-group ${}^L \mathbf{\tilde G}^\vee$ as group schemes over ${\mathbb Z}$. Such a construction leads to a definition of Weil-Deligne parameters (Langlands parameters) with values in this L-group, and to a conjectural parameterization of the irreducible genuine representations of $\tilde…
We study the Iwahori-component of the Gelfand-Graev representation of a central cover of a split linear reductive group and utilize our results for three applications. In fact, it is advantageous to begin at the pro-$p$ level. Thus to begin we study the structure of a genuine pro-$p$ Iwahori-Hecke algebra, establishing Iwahori-Matsumoto and Bernstein presentations. With this structure theory we first describe the pro-$p$ part of the Gelfand-Graev representation and then the more subtle Iwahori part. For the first application we relate the Gelfand-Graev representation to the metaplectic represe…
We interpret values of spherical Whittaker functions on metaplectic covers of the general linear group over a nonarchimedean local field as partition functions of two different solvable lattice models. We prove the equality of these two partition functions by showing the commutativity of transfer matrices associated to different models via the Yang-Baxter equation.
We consider a natural basis of the Iwahori fixed vectors in the Whittaker model of an unramified principal series representation of a split semisimple p- adic group, indexed by the Weyl group. We show that the elements of this basis may be computed from one another by applying Demazure-Lusztig operators. The precise identities involve correction terms, which may be calculated by a combinatorial algorithm that is identical to the computation of the fibers of the Bott-Samelson resolution of a Schubert variety. The Demazure-Lusztig operators satisfy the braid and quadratic relations satisfied by …
We prove a `motivic' analogue of the Weyl character formula, computing the Euler characteristic of a line bundle on a generalized flag manifold $G/B$ multiplied either by a motivic Chern class of a Schubert cell, or a Segre analogue of it. The result, given in terms of Demazure-Lusztig (D-L) operators, recovers formulas found by Brubaker, Bump and Licata for the Iwahori-Whittaker functions of the principal series representation of a $p$-adic group. In particular, we obtain a new proof of the classical Casselman-Shalika formula for the spherical Whittaker function. The proofs are based on local…
We apply Treumann's "Smith theory for sheaves" in the context of the Iwahori--Whittaker model of the Satake category. We deduce two results in the representation theory of reductive algebraic groups over fields of positive characteristic: (a) a geometric proof of the linkage principle; (b) a character formula for tilting modules in terms of the $\ell$-canonical basis, valid in all blocks and in all characteristics.
We present an integral representation for the tensor product $L$-function of a pair of automorphic cuspidal representations, one of a classical group, the other of a general linear group. Our construction is uniform over all classical groups, and is applicable to all cuspidal representations; it does not require genericity. The main new ideas of the construction are the use of generalized Speh representations as inducing data for the Eisenstein series and the introduction of a new (global and local) model, which generalizes the Whittaker model. This is the first in a series of papers, treating…
