Chapter published in "Fractional Quantum Hall Effects: New Developments," edited by B. I. Halperin and J. K. Jain, World Scientific Publishing Co., 2020
发表信息：
Fractional Quantum Hall Effects: New Developments, Bertrand I. Halperin and Jainendra K. Jain, editors, World Scientific Publishing Co., 2020, pp.80-132
At even-denominator Landau level filling fractions, such as $ν=1/2$, the ground state, in most cases, has no energy gap, and there is no quantized plateau in the Hall conductance. Nevertheless, the states exhibit non-trivial low-energy phenomena. Open questions concerning the proper description of these systems have attracted renewed attention during the last few years. Issues at $ν=1/2$ include consequences of particle-hole symmetry, which should be present for a spin-aligned system in the limit where one can neglect mixing between Landau levels. Other issues concern questions of anisotropy and geometry, properties at non-zero temperature, and effects of relatively strong disorder. In cases where one does find a gapped even-denominator quantized Hall state, such as $ν=5/2$ in GaAs structures, major questions have arisen about the nature of the quantum state, which will be discussed briefly in this chapter. The chapter will also discuss phenomena that can occur in a two-component system near half filling, i.e., when the total filling factor $ν_{\rm{tot}} $ is close to 1.
The Coulomb gap observed in tunneling between parallel two-dimensional electron systems, each at half filling of the lowest Landau level, is found to depend sensitively on the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. Especially at low electron density, the width of the Coulomb gap at first increases sharply with in-plane field, but then abruptly levels off. This behavior appears to coincide with the known transition from partial to complete spin polarization of the half-filled lowest Landau level. The tunneling gap therefore opens a new window onto the spin configuration of two-dimensional elec…
It is well established that the ground states of a two-dimensional electron gas with half-filled high ($N \ge 2$) Landau levels are compressible charge-ordered states, known as quantum Hall stripe (QHS) phases. The generic features of QHSs are a maximum (minimum) in a longitudinal resistance $R_{xx}$ ($R_{yy}$) and a non-quantized Hall resistance $R_H$. Here, we report on emergent minima (maxima) in $R_{xx}$ ($R_{yy}$) and plateau-like features in $R_H$ in half-filled $N \ge 3$ Landau levels. Remarkably, these unexpected features develop at temperatures considerably lower than the onset temper…
Composite fermions close to the one-half filling of the lowest Landau level revisited
严格遵循朗道能级填充分数ν e = p/（2 p + 1）的复合费米子微观理论，我们精确地再现了Willett等人关于ν e接近1/2的二维电子系统的声表面波实验结果.我们的结果意味着，在对应于ν e接近1/2的条件下，电子带质量m_b（不同于CF质量m_*）必须经历一个显著的增加。我们进一步建立了一个有限的平均自由程\ell_0是必不可少的观察到的线性的纵向电导率σ_{xx}（q）从SAW速度的变化。
We investigate numerically different phases that can occur at half filling in the lowest and the first excited Landau levels in wide-well twodimensional electron systems exposed to a perpendicular magnetic field. Within a twocomponent model that takes into account only the two lowest electronic subbands of the quantum well, we derive a phase diagram that compares favorably with an experimental one by Shabani et al. [Phys. Rev. B 88, 245413 (2013)]. In addition to the compressible composite-fermion Fermi liquid in narrow wells with a substantial subband gap and the incompressible twocomponent (…
The fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) in two-dimensional electron system (2DES) is an exotic, superfluid-like matter with an emergent topological order. From the consideration of Aharonov-Bohm interaction of electrons and magnetic field, the ground state of a half-filled lowest Landau level is mathematically transformed to a Fermi sea of composite objects of electrons bound to two flux quanta, termed composite fermions (CFs). A strong support for the CF theories comes from experimental confirmation of the predicted Fermi surface at $ν$ = 1/2 (where $ν$ is the Landau level filling factor) f…
We investigate the effect of the filling factor on transport anisotropies, known as stripes, in high Landau levels of a two-dimensional electron gas. We find that at certain in-plane magnetic fields, the stripes orientation is sensitive to the filling factor within a given Landau level. This sensitivity gives rise to the emergence of stripes away from half-filling while an orthogonally-oriented, native stripes reside at half-filling. This switching of the anisotropy axes within a single Landau level can be attributed to a strong dependence of the native symmetry breaking potential on the filli…
The fractional quantum Hall state at Landau level (LL) filling factor 5/2 is extremely interesting because it is likely the first non-Abelian state, but its precise nature remains unclear after decades of study. We demonstrate this can be resolved by studying the chirality of its graviton excitations, using circularly polarized Raman scattering. We discuss the advantage of this bulk probe over the existing edge probes.
We use coarse index methods to prove that the Landau Hamiltonian on the hyperbolic half-plane, and even on much more general imperfect half-spaces, has no spectral gaps. Thus the edge states of hyperbolic quantum Hall Hamiltonians completely fill up the gaps between Landau levels, just like those of the Euclidean counterpart.
An effective field theory of composite Dirac fermions was proposed by Son [Phys. Rev. X 5, 031027 (2015)] as a theory of the half-filled Landau level with explicit particle-hole symmetry. We compute the electromagnetic response of this Son-Dirac theory on the level of the random phase approximation (RPA), where we pay particular attention to the effect of an additional composite-fermion dipole term that is needed to restore Galilean invariance. We find that once this dipole correction is taken into account, spurious interband transitions and collective modes that are present in the response of…
It is well known that there is a particle-hole symmetry for spin-polarized electrons with two-body interactions in a partially filled Landau level, which becomes exact in the limit where the cyclotron energy is large compared to the interaction strength, so one can ignore mixing between Landau levels. This symmetry is explicit in the description of a half-filled Landau level recently introduced by D. T. Son, using Dirac fermions, but it was thought to be absent in the older fermion-Chern- Simons approach, developed by Halperin, Lee, and Read and subsequent authors. We show here, however, that …
Motivated by recent proposal by Potter et al. [Phys. Rev. X 6, 031026 (2016)] concerning possible thermoelectric signatures of Dirac composite fermions, we perform a systematic experimental study of thermoelectric transport of an ultrahigh-mobility GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs two dimensional electron system at filling factor v = 1/2. We demonstrate that the thermopower Sxx and Nernst Sxy are symmetric and anti-symmetric with respect to B = 0 T, respectively. The measured properties of thermopower Sxx at v = 1/2 are consistent with previous experimental results. The Nernst signals Sxy of v = 1/2, which hav…
Intrinsic Hall conductivity, emerging when chiral symmetry is broken, is at the heart of future low energy consumption devices because it can generate non-dissipative charge neutral current. A symmetry breaking state is also induced by electronic correlation even for the centro-symmetric crystalline materials. However, generation of non-dissipative charge neutral current by intrinsic Hall conductivity induced by such spontaneous symmetry breaking is experimentally elusive. Here we report intrinsic Hall conductivity and generation of a non-dissipative charge neutral current in a spontaneous ant…
Quantum Hall Phase Diagram of Half-filled Bilayers in the Lowest and the Second Orbital Landau Levels: Abelian versus Non-Abelian Incompressible Fractional Quantum Hall States
我们研究了半填充双层结构中最低两个朗道能级中分数量子霍尔效应（Fractional quantum Hall effect，FQHE）的量子相图，它是隧穿强度和层间距的函数，即，我们重新审视最低朗道能级填充因子1/2双层问题并做出涉及半填充的第二朗道能级中的双层的新预测（即，填充因子5/2）。使用数值精确对角化，我们调查的重要问题，这个系统是否支持由非阿贝尔摩尔-里德Pfweian状态描述的强隧穿制度的一个非对称性。在最低的朗道水平，我们发现，虽然在原则上，增加（递减）隧穿强度（层分离）可以导致从阿贝尔双组分Halperin 331到非阿贝尔单组分Moore-Read Pfperin状态的转变，在朗道能级最低的Pfronan区域，OHE激发能隙相对较小--我们建立了迄今为止观察到的所有OHE态的一半--填充的最低朗道能级双层最可能由阿贝尔Halperin 331状态描述。在第二个朗道水平，我们作出预测，双层结构将表现出两个不同的分支不可压缩的ECOHE对应的阿贝尔331状态（在中等到低的隧道和大的层分离）和非阿贝尔摩尔-里德Pfavian状态（在大隧道和小的层分离）。这两个分支的观测和它们之间可能的量子相变将是令人信服的证据，支持在第二朗道能级的非阿贝尔Moore-Read Pfronan状态的存在。我们讨论我们的结果在现有的实验和理论工作的背景下。
