Let $R=\Bbbk[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ be a polynomial ring over a field $\Bbbk$ and let $I\subset R$ be a monomial ideal preserved by the natural action of the symmetric group $\mathfrak S_n$ on $R$. We give a combinatorial method to determine the $\mathfrak S_n$-module structure of $\mathrm{Tor}_i(I,\Bbbk)$. Our formula shows that $\mathrm{Tor}_i(I,\Bbbk)$ is built from induced representations of tensor products of Specht modules associated to hook partitions, and their multiplicities are determined by topological Betti numbers of certain simplicial complexes. This result can be viewed as an $\mathfrak S_n$-equivariant analogue of Hochster's formula for Betti numbers of monomial ideals. We apply our results to determine extremal Betti numbers of $\mathfrak S_n$-invariant monomial ideals, and in particular recover formulas for their Castelnuovo--Mumford regularity and projective dimension. We also give a concrete recipe for how the Betti numbers change as we increase the number of variables, and in characteristic zero (or $>n$) we compute the $\mathfrak S_n$-invariant part of $\mathrm{Tor}_i(I,\Bbbk)$ in terms of $\mathrm{Tor}$ groups of the unsymmetrization of $I$.
The Hilbert series of local cohomologies for monomial ideals, which are not necessarily square-free, is established. As applications, we give a sharp lower bound of the non-vanishing degree of local cohomologies and also a sharp lower bound of the positive integer k of k-Buchsbaumness for generalized Cohen-Macaulay monomial ideals.
We give a generalization of Hochster's formula for local cohomologies of square-free monomial ideals to monomial ideals, which are not necessarily square-free. Using this formula, we give combinatorial characterizations of generalized Cohen-Macaulay monomial ideals. We also give other applications of the generalized Hochster's formula.
In this article first we prove that a special case of the order ideal conjecture, originating from the work of Evans and Griffith in equicharacteristic, implies the monomial conjecture due to M. Hochster. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the validity of this special case in terms certain syzygis of canonical modules of normal domains possessing free summands. We also prove some special cases of this observation.
For the ideal $\mathfrak{p}$ in $k[x, y, z]$ defining a space monomial curve, we show that $\mathfrak{p}^{(2 n - 1)} \subseteq \mathfrak{m} \mathfrak{p}^{n}$ for some positive integer $n$, where $\mathfrak{m}$ is the maximal ideal $(x, y, z)$. Moreover, the smallest such $n$ is determined. It turns out that there is a counterexample to a claim due to Grifo, Huneke, and Mukundan, which states that $\mathfrak{p}^{(3)} \subseteq \mathfrak{m} \mathfrak{p}^2$ if $k$ is a field of characteristic not $3$; however, the stable Harbourne conjecture holds for space monomial curves as they claimed.
Let ${\mathfrak p}$ be the defining ideal of the monomial curve ${\mathcal C}(2q+1, 2q+1+m, 2q+1+2m)$ in the affine space ${\mathbb A}_k^3$ parameterized by $(x^{2q +1}, x^{2q +1 + m}, x^{2q +1 +2 m})$ where $gcd( 2q+1,m)=1$. In this paper we compute the resurgence of ${\mathfrak p}$, the Waldschmidt constant of ${\mathfrak p}$ and the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the symbolic powers of ${\mathfrak p}$.
In this short note we introduce a notion of extremality for Betti numbers of a minimal free resolution, which can be seen as a refinement of the notion of Mumford-Castelnuovo regularity. We show that extremal Betti numbers of an arbitrary submodule of a free S-module are preserved when taking the generic initial module. We relate extremal multigraded Betti numbers in the minimal resolution of a square free monomial ideal with those of the monomial ideal corresponding to the Alexander dual simplicial complex and generalize theorems of Eagon-Reiner and Terai. As an application we give easy (alte…
Let $A$ be a Dedekind domain of characteristic zero such that its localization at every maximal ideal has mixed characteristic with finite residue field. Let $R=A[X_1,\ldots, X_n]$ be a polynomial ring and $I=(a_1U_1, \ldots, a_c U_c)\subseteq R$ an ideal, where $a_j \in A$ (not necessarily units) and $U_j$'s are monomials in $X_1, \ldots, X_n$. We call such an ideal $I$ as a $\mathfrak{C}$-monomial ideal. Consider the standard multigrading on $R$. We produce a structure theorem for the multigraded components of the local cohomology modules $H^i_I(R)$ for $i \geq 0$. We further analyze the tor…
We introduce the concept of quasi-linearity and prove it is necessary for a monomial ideal to have a linear resolution and identify all the quasi-linear quadratic monomial ideals. We define a strongly linear monomial for a monomial ideal $I$ and prove that if $\mathbf{u}$ is a strongly linear monomial over $I$ then $I$ has a linear resolution (resp: is quasi-linear) if and only if $I+\mathbf{u}\mathfrak{p}$ has a linear resolution (resp: is quasi-linear). Here $\mathfrak{p}$ is any monomial prime ideal.
Let $d \geq 2$ and $m\geq 1$ be integers such that $\gcd (d,m)=1.$ Let ${\mathfrak p}$ be the defining ideal of the monomial curve in ${\mathbb A}_{ \Bbbk{k}}^d$ parametrized by $(t^{n_1}, \ldots, t^{n_d})$ where $n_i = d + (i-1)m$ for all $i = 1, \ldots, d$. In this paper, we describe the symbolic powers ${\mathfrak p}^{(n)} $ for all $n \geq 1$. As a consequence we show that the symbolic blowup algebras ${\mathcal R}_s{({\mathfrak p})}$ and $G_{s}({\mathfrak p}) $ are Cohen-Macaulay. This gives a positive answer to a question posed by S.~Goto in \cite{goto}. We also discuss when these blowup…
This paper examines the dimension of the graded local cohomology $H_\mathfrak{m}^p(S/K^s)_γ$ and $H_\mathfrak{m}^p(S/K^{(s)})$ for a monomial ideal $K$. This information is encoded in the reduced homology of a simplicial complex called the degree complex. We explicitly compute the degree complexes of ordinary and symbolic powers of sums and fiber products of ideals, as well as the degree complex of the mixed product, in terms of the degree complexes of their components. We then use homological techniques to discuss the cohomology of their quotient rings. In particular, this technique allows fo…
Given a free resolution of an ideal $\mathfrak{a}$ of holomorphic functions, one can construct a vector-valued residue current, $R$, which coincides with the classical Coleff-Herrera product if $\mathfrak{a}$ is a complete intersection ideal and whose annihilator ideal is precisely ~$\mathfrak{a}$. We give a complete description of $R$ in the case when $\mathfrak{a}$ is an Artinian monomial ideal and the resolution is the hull resolution (or a more general cellular resolution), extending previous results by the second author. The main ingredient in the proof is a comparison formula for residue…
For polynomial ideals in positive charachteristic, defining $F$-split rings and admitting a squarefree monomial initial ideal are different notions. In this note we show that, however, there are strong interactions in both directions. Moreover we provide an overview on which $F$-singularities are Gröbner deforming. Also, we prove the following characteristic-free statement: if $\mathfrak{p}$ is a height $h$ prime ideal such that $\textrm{in}(\mathfrak{p}^{(h)})$ contains at least one squarefree monomial, then $\textrm{in}(\mathfrak{p})$ is a squarefree monomial ideal.
Let $S=\mathbb{K}[x_1,\ldots, x_n]$ be the polynomial ring over a field $\mathbb{K}$ and $\mathfrak{m}= (x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ be the irredundant maximal ideal of $S$. For an ideal $I \subset S$, let $\mathrm{sat}(I)$ be the minimum number $k$ for which $I \colon \mathfrak{m}^k = I \colon \mathfrak{m}^{k+1}$. In this paper, we compute the saturation number of irreducible monomial ideals and their powers. We apply this result to find the saturation number of the ordinary powers and symbolic powers of some families of monomial ideals in terms of the saturation number of irreducible components appea…
Let $I$ be a regular $\mathfrak m$-primary ideal in $(R,\mathfrak m,k)$. Then the Ratliff-Rush ideal associated to $I$ is denoted by $\bar I$ and is defined as the largest ideal containing $I$ with the same Hilbert polynomial as $I$. In this paper we present a method to compute Ratliff-Rush ideals for a certain class of monomial ideals in the rings $k[x,y]$ and $k[[x,y]]$. We find an upper bound for the Ratliff-Rush reduction number for an ideal in this class. Moreover, we establish some new characterizations of when all powers of $I$ are Ratliff-Rush.
In this paper we explicitly describe the symbolic powers of curves ${\mathcal C}(q,m)$ in ${\mathbb P}^3$ parametrized by $( x^{d+2m}, x^{d+m} y^m, x^{d} y^{2m}, y^{d+2m})$, where $q,m$ are positive integers, $d=2q+1$ and $\gcd(d,m)=1$. The defining ideal of these curves is a set-theoretic complete intersection. We show that the symbolic blowup algebra is Noetherian and Gorenstein. An explicit formula for the resurgence and the Waldschmidt constant of the prime ideal ${\mathfrak p}:={\mathfrak p}_{ { \mathcal C}(q,m) }$ defining the curve ${\mathcal C}(q,m)$ is computed. We also give a formula…
Given a numerical semigroup ring $R=k[\![S]\!]$, an ideal $E$ of $S$ and an odd element $b \in S$, the numerical duplication $S \! \Join^b \! E$ is a numerical semigroup, whose associated ring $k[\![S \! \Join^b \! E]\!]$ shares many properties with the Nagata's idealization and the amalgamated duplication of $R$ along the monomial ideal $I=(t^e \mid e\in E)$. In this paper we study the associated graded ring of the numerical duplication characterizing when it is Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein or complete intersection. We also study when it is a homogeneous numerical semigroup, a property that is …
Let $I$ be a square-free monomial ideal in a polynomial ring $R=K[x_1,\ldots, x_n]$ over a field $K$, $\mathfrak{m}=(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ be the graded maximal ideal of $R$, and $\{u_1, \ldots, u_{β_1(I)}\}$ be a maximal independent set of minimal generators of $I$ such that $\mathfrak{m}\setminus x_i \notin \mathrm{Ass}(R/(I\setminus x_i)^t)$ for all $x_i\mid \prod_{i=1}^{β_1(I)}u_i$ and some positive integer $t$, where $I\setminus x_i$ denotes the deletion of $I$ at $x_i$ and $β_1(I)$ denotes the maximum cardinality of an independent set in $I$. In this paper, we prove that if $\mathfrak{m}\in…
A "squarefree module" over a polynomial ring $S = k[x_1, .., x_n]$ is a generalization of a Stanley-Reisner ring, and allows us to apply homological methods to the study of monomial ideals systematically. Let $Sq$ be the category of squarefree modules. Then the derived category $D^b(Sq)$ of $Sq$ has three duality functors which act on $D^b(Sq)$ just like three transpositions of the symmetric group $S_3$ (up to translation). This phenomenon is closely related to the Koszul dulaity (in particular, the Bernstein-Gel'fand-Gel'fand correspondence). We also study the local cohomology module $H_{I_Δ}…
We explore the dependence of the Betti numbers of monomial ideals on the characteristic of the field. A first observation is that for a fixed prime $p$ either the $i$-th Betti number of all high enough powers of a monomial ideal differs in characteristic $0$ and in characteristic $p$ or it is the same for all high enough powers. In our main results we provide constructions and explicit examples of monomial ideals all of whose powers have some characteristic-dependent Betti numbers or whose asymptotic regularity depends on the field. We prove that, adding a monomial on new variables to a monomi…
In this paper we study the Hilbert function of $\gr_{\mathfrak{m}}(R)$, when $R$ is a numerical semigroup ring or, equivalently, the coordinate ring of a monomial curve. In particular, we prove a sufficient condition for a numerical semigroup ring in order get a non-decreasing Hilbert function, without making any assumption on its embedding dimension; moreover, we show how this new condition allows to improve known results about this problem. To this aim we use certain invariants of the semigroup, with particular regard to its \Apery-set.
Powers of (monomial) ideals is a subject that still calls attraction in various ways. Let $I\subset \mathbb K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be a monomial ideal and let $G(I)$ denote the (unique) minimal monomial generating set of $I$. How small can $|G(I^i)|$ be in terms of $|G(I)|$? We expect that the inequality $|G(I^2)|>|G(I)|$ should hold and that $|G(I^i)|$, $i\ge 2$, grows further whenever $|G(I)|\ge 2$. In this paper we will disprove this expectation and show that for any $n$ and $d$ there is an $\mathfrak m$-primary monomial ideal $I\subset \mathbb K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ such that $|G(I)|>|G(I^i)|$ for…
Powers of (monomial) ideals is a subject that still calls attraction in various ways. In this paper we present a nice presentation of high powers of ideals in a certain class in $\mathbb K[x_1, \ldots, x_n]$ and $\mathbb K[[x_1, \ldots, x_n]]$. As an interesting application it leads to an algorithm for computation of the Ratliff--Rush operation on ideals in that class. The Ratliff--Rush operation itself has several applications, for instance, if $I$ is a regular $\mathfrak m$-primary ideal in a local ring $(R,m)$, then the Ratliff--Rush associated ideal $\tilde I$ is the unique largest ideal c…
Let $\mathfrak{S}_n$ be the set of all permutations of $[n]=\{1,\ldots,n\}$ and let $W$ be the subset consisting of permutations $σ\in \mathfrak{S}_n$ avoiding 132 and 312-patterns. The monomial ideal $I_W = \left\langle \mathbf{x}^σ = \prod_{i=1}^n x_i^{σ(i)} : σ\in W \right\rangle $ in the polynomial ring $R = k[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ over a field $k$ is called a hypercubic ideal in the article (Certain variants of multipermutohedron ideals, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci.(Math Sci. Vol. 126, No.4, (2016), 479-500). The Alexander dual $I_W^{[\mathbf{n}]}$ of $I_W$ with respect to $\mathbf{n}=(n,\ldots,n)$…
Let $I$ denote an ideal of a local Gorenstein ring $(R, \mathfrak m)$. Then we show that the local cohomology module $H^c_I(R), c = \height I,$ is indecomposable if and only if $V(I_d)$ is connected in codimension one. Here $I_d$ denotes the intersection of the highest dimensional primary components of $I.$ This is a partial extension of a result shown by Hochster and Huneke in the case $I$ the maximal ideal. Moreover there is an analysis of connectedness properties in relation to various aspects of local cohomology. Among others we show that the endomorphism ring of $H^c_I(R)$ is a local Noet…
Let $(R,\mathfrak{m}_R,k)$ be a one-dimensional complete local reduced $k$-algebra over a field of characteristic zero. R. Berger conjectured that $R$ is regular if and only if the universally finite module of differentials $Ω_R$ is torsion free. When $R$ is a domain, we prove the conjecture in several cases. Our techniques are primarily reliant on making use of the valuation semi-group of $R$. First, we establish a method of verifying the conjecture by analyzing the valuation semi-group of $R$ and orders of units of the integral closure of $R$. We also prove the conjecture in the case when ce…
We provide a formula to compute the big Cohen-Macaulay test ideal for triples $((R,Δ),\mathfrak{a}^{t})$ where $R$ is a mixed characteristic toric ring and $\mathfrak{a}$ is a monomial ideal. Of particular interest is that this result is consistent with the formulas for test ideals in positive characteristic and multiplier ideals in characteristic zero.
A homogeneous ideal $I$ of a polynomial ring $S$ is said to have the Rees property if, for any homogeneous ideal $J \subset S $ which contains $I$, the number of generators of $J$ is smaller than or equal to that of $I$. A homogeneous ideal $I \subset S$ is said to be $\mathfrak m$-full if $\mathfrak mI:y=I$ for some $y \in \mathfrak m$, where $\mathfrak m$ is the graded maximal ideal of $S$. It was proved by one of the authors that $\mathfrak m$-full ideals have the Rees property and that the converse holds in a polynomial ring with two variables. In this note, we give examples of ideals whic…
Quasi-socle ideals, that is the ideals $I$ of the form $I= Q : \mathfrak{m}^q$ in a Noetherian local ring $(A, \mathfrak{m})$ with the Gorenstein tangent cone $\mathrm{G}(\mathfrak{m}) = \bigoplus_{n \geq 0}{\mathfrak{m}}^n/{\mathfrak{m}}^{n+1}$ are explored, where $q \geq 1$ is an integer and $Q$ is a parameter ideal of $A$ generated by monomials of a system $x_1, x_2, ..., x_d$ of elements in $A$ such that $(x_1, x_2, ..., x_d)$ is a reduction of $\mathfrak{m}$. The questions of when $I$ is integral over $Q$ and of when the graded rings $\mathrm{G}(I) = \bigoplus_{n \geq 0}I^n/I^{n+1}$ and $…
In this thesis we investigate certain types of monomial ideals of polynomial rings over fields. We are interested in minimal free resolutions of these ideals (or equivalently the quotients of the polynomial ring by the ideals) considered as modules over the polynomial ring. There is no simple method of finding such resolutions but in the case of Stanley-Reisner ideals Hochster's formula and its variants provide a way to compute the Betti numbers of these resolutions. Even with these formulae it is not in general possible to find especially explicit or useful descriptions of the Betti numbers. …
Let $A$ be a commutative Noetherian ring, and let $R = A[X]$ be the polynomial ring in an infinite collection $X$ of indeterminates over $A$. Let ${\mathfrak S}_{X}$ be the group of permutations of $X$. The group ${\mathfrak S}_{X}$ acts on $R$ in a natural way, and this in turn gives $R$ the structure of a left module over the left group ring $R[{\mathfrak S}_{X}]$. We prove that all ideals of $R$ invariant under the action of ${\mathfrak S}_{X}$ are finitely generated as $R[{\mathfrak S}_{X}]$-modules. The proof involves introducing a certain well-quasi-ordering on monomials and developing a…
The purpose of this note is to find an elemenary explanation of a surprising result of Ein--Lazarsfeld--Smith \cite{ELS} and Hochster--Huneke \cite{HH} on the containment between symbolic and ordinary powers of ideals in simple cases. This line of research has been very active ever since, see for instance \cites{BC,HaH,DST} and the references therein, by now the literature on this topic is quite extensive. By `elementary' we refer to arguments that among others do not make use of resolution of singularities and multiplier ideals nor tight closure methods. Let us quickly recall the statement \c…
We present a monomial ideal $\mathfrak{a} \subset S$ such that $S/\mathfrak{a}$ is not Golod, even though the product on its Koszul homology is trivial. This constitutes a counterexample to a well-known result by Berglund and Jöllenbeck (the error can be traced to a mistake in an earlier article by Jöllenbeck). On the positive side, we show that if $R$ is a monomial ring such that the $r$-ary Massey product vanish for all $r \leq \max(2, \mathrm{reg} R-2)$, then $R$ is Golod. In particular, if $R$ is the Stanley-Reisner ring of a simplicial complex of dimension at most $3$, then $R$ is Golod i…
Let $R$ be a standard graded polynomial ring that is finitely generated over a field of characteristic $0$, let $\mathfrak{m}$ be the homogeneous maximal ideal of $R$, and let $I$ be a homogeneous prime ideal of $R$. Dao and Montaño defined an invariant that, in the case that $\operatorname{Proj}(R/I)$ is lci and for cohomological index less than $\dim(R/I)$, measures the asymptotic growth of lengths of local cohomology modules of thickenings. They showed its existence and rationality for certain classes of monomial ideals $I$. The following affirms that the invariant exists and is rational fo…
We determine the three fundamental invariants in the entries of a $3 \times 3 \times 3$ array over $\mathbb{C}$ as explicit polynomials in the 27 variables $x_{ijk}$ for $1 \le i, j, k \le 3$. By the work of Vinberg on $θ$-groups, it is known that these homogeneous polynomials have degrees 6, 9 and 12; they freely generate the algebra of invariants for the Lie group $SL_3(\mathbb{C}) \times SL_3(\mathbb{C}) \times SL_3(\mathbb{C})$ acting irreducibly on its natural representation $\mathbb{C}^3 \otimes \mathbb{C}^3 \otimes \mathbb{C}^3$. These generators have respectively 1152, 9216 and 209061 …
Let $R^h$ denote the polynomial ring in variables $x_1,\,\ldots,\, x_h$ over a specified field $K$. We consider all of these rings simultaneously, and in each use lexicographic (lex) monomial order with $x_1 > \cdots > x_h$. Given a fixed homogeneous ideal $I$ in $R^h$, for each $d$ there is unique lex ideal generated in degree at most $d$ whose Hilbert function agrees with the Hilbert function of $I$ up to degree $d$. When we consider $IR^N$ for $N \geq h$, the set $\mathfrak{B}_d(I,N)$ of minimal generators for this lex ideal in degree at most $d$ may change, but $\mathfrak{B}_d(I,N)$ is con…
Realizable (reg, deg h)-Pairs for Cover Ideals via Independence Polynomials
Hobart and William Smith Colleges（霍巴特和威廉史密斯学院）；Chennai Mathematical Institute（金奈数学研究所）；Bryn Mawr College（布林莫尔学院）；Connecticut College（康涅狄格学院）；William & Mary（威廉与玛丽学院）；Colgate University（科尔盖特大学）
