27 pages. Remark 7.3 is new. It gives an example to show that cokernels of protosplit chain maps cannot be constructed from the other assumed colimits appearing in Theorem 7.2. Thanks to the referee for pointing out other needed changes
发表信息：
Theory and Applications of Categories, Vol. 37, No. 28 (2021) 940--963
We go back to the roots of enriched category theory and study categories enriched in chain complexes; that is, we deal with differential graded categories (DG-categories for short). In particular, we recall weighted colimits and provide examples. We solve the 50 year old question of how to characterize Cauchy complete DG-categories in terms of existence of some specific finite absolute colimits. As well as the interactions between absolute weighted colimits, we also examine the total complex of a chain complex in a DG-category as a non-absolute weighted colimit.
Following Lawvere's description of metric spaces using enriched category theory, we introduce a change in the base of enrichment that allows description of some aspects of (relativistic) causal spaces. All such spaces are Cauchy complete, in the sense of enriched category theory. Furthermore, we give sufficient conditions on a base monoidal category for which enriched categories are Cauchy complete if and only if their underlying categories are (their idempotent arrows split).
We formulate an elementary condition on an involutive quantaloid Q under which there is a distributive law from the Cauchy completion monad over the symmetrisation comonad on the category of Q-enriched categories. For such quantaloids, which we call Cauchy-bilateral quantaloids, it follows that the Cauchy completion of any symmetric Q-enriched category is again symmetric. Examples include Lawvere's quantale of non-negative real numbers and Walters' small quantaloids of closed cribles.
Internal categories feature notions of limit and completeness, as originally proposed in the context of the effective topos. This paper sets out the theory of internal completeness in a general context, spelling out the details of the definitions of limit and completeness and clarifying some subtleties. Remarkably, complete internal categories are also cocomplete and feature a suitable version of the adjoint functor theorem. Such results are understood as consequences of the intrinsic smallness of internal categories.
The construction of the formal ball model for metric spaces due to Edalat and Heckmann was generalized to ${\sf Q}$-categories by Kostanek and Waszkiewicz. This paper concerns the influence of the structure of the quantale ${\sf Q}$ on the connection between Yoneda completeness of ${\sf Q}$-categories and directed completeness of their sets of formal balls. In the case that ${\sf Q}$ is the interval $[0,1]$ equipped with a continuous t-norm $\&$, it is shown that in order that Yoneda completeness of each ${\sf Q}$-category be equivalent to directed completeness of its set of formal balls, a ne…
It is known since 1973 that Lawvere's notion of (Cauchy-)complete enriched category is meaningful for metric spaces: it captures exactly Cauchy-complete metric spaces. In this paper we introduce the corresponding notion of Lawvere completeness for $(\mathbb{T},\mathsf{V})$-categories and show that it has an interesting meaning for topological spaces and quasi-uniform spaces: for the former ones means weak sobriety while for the latter means Cauchy completeness. Further, we show that $\mathsf{V}$ has a canonical $(\mathbb{T},\mathsf{V})$-category structure which plays a key role: it is Lawvere-…
Generalising Nachbin's theory of "topology and order", in this paper we continue the study of quantale-enriched categories equipped with a compact Hausdorff topology. We compare these $\mathcal{V}$-categorical compact Hausdorff spaces with ultrafilter-quantale-enriched categories, and show that the presence of a compact Hausdorff topology guarantees Cauchy completeness and (suitably defined) codirected completeness of the underlying quantale enriched category.
We consider the equivalence of Lawvere theories and finitary monads on Set from the perspective of Endf(Set)-enriched category theory, where Endf(Set) is the category of finitary endofunctors of Set. We identify finitary monads with one-object Endf(Set)-categories, and ordinary categories admitting finite powers (i.e., n-fold products of each object with itself) with Endf(Set)-categories admitting a certain class Phi of absolute colimits; we then show that, from this perspective, the passage from a finitary monad to the associated Lawvere theory is given by completion under Phi-colimits. We al…
Given a complete hereditary cotorsion pair $(\mathcal{A}, \mathcal{B})$ in an abelian category $\mathcal{C}$ satisfying certain conditions, we study the completeness of the induced cotorsion pairs $(Φ(\mathcal{A}), Φ(\mathcal{A})^{\perp})$ and $(^{\perp}Ψ(\mathcal{B}), Ψ(\mathcal{B}) )$ in the category $\mbox{Rep}(Q, \mathcal{C})$ of $\mathcal{C}$-valued representations of a given quiver $Q$. We show that if $Q$ is left rooted, then the cotorsion pair $(Φ(\mathcal{A}), Φ(\mathcal{A})^{\perp})$ is complete, and if $Q$ is right rooted, then the cotorsion pair $(^{\perp}Ψ(\mathcal{B}), Ψ(\mathcal…
It has been known that categorical interpretations of dependent type theory with Sigma- and Id-types induce weak factorization systems. When one has a weak factorization system (L, R) on a category C in hand, it is then natural to ask whether or not (L, R) harbors an interpretation of dependent type theory with Sigma- and Id- (and possibly Pi-) types. Using the framework of display map categories to phrase this question more precisely, one would ask whether or not there exists a class D of morphisms of C such that the retract closure of D is the class R and the pair (C, D) forms a display map …
We study a metric-like structure on categories, showing that the concept of the limit of a sequence in a metric space and the concept of the colimit of a sequence in a category have a common generalization. The main concept is a norm on a category, generalizing pseudo-metrics and group valuations. In this new context, we discuss topics like Cauchy completion and the Banach Contraction Principle.
We thoroughly treat several familiar and less familiar definitions and results concerning categories, functors and distributors enriched in a base quantaloid Q. In analogy with V-category theory we discuss such things as adjoint functors, (pointwise) left Kan extensions, weighted (co)limits, presheaves and free (co)completion, Cauchy completion and Morita equivalence. With an appendix on the universality of the quantaloid Dist(Q) of Q-enriched categories and distributors.
Consider a diagram of quasi-categories that admit and functors that preserve limits or colimits of a fixed shape. We show that any weighted limit whose weight is a projective cofibrant simplicial functor is again a quasi-category admitting these (co)limits and that they are preserved by the functors in the limit cone. In particular, the Bousfield-Kan homotopy limit of a diagram of quasi-categories admit any limits or colimits existing in and preserved by the functors in that diagram. In previous work, we demonstrated that the quasi-category of algebras for a homotopy coherent monad could be de…
Considering classical first-order logic with equality, we give a "fully syntactic" construction of the (weak) syntactic category $\text{Syn}(T)$ associated to a consistent theory $T$; we show it is a consistent coherent category; and we show that a morphism of coherent categories $\text{Syn}(T)\to \bf{Set}$ gives rise to a model $\mathcal{M}$ of $T$ in the usual sense. We then invoke Deligne's theorem on small consistent coherent categories.
Univalence, originally a type theoretical notion at the heart of Voevodsky's Univalent Foundations Program, has found general importance as a higher categorical property that characterizes descent and hence classifying maps in $(\infty,1)$-categories. Completeness is a property of Segal spaces introduced by Rezk that characterizes those Segal spaces which are $(\infty,1)$-categories. In this paper, first, we make rigorous an analogy between univalence and completeness that has found various informal expressions in the higher categorical research community to date, and second, study its ramific…
This article provides some basic results on weight structures, weight complex functors and homotopy categories. We prove that the full subcategories K(A)^{w < n}, K(A)^{w > n}, K(A)^- and K(A)^+ (of objects isomorphic to suitably bounded complexes) of the homotopy category K(A) of an additive category A are idempotent complete, which confirms that (K(A)^{w <= 0}, K(A)^{w >= 0}) is a weight structure on K(A). We discuss weight complex functors and provide full details of an argument sketched by M. Bondarko, which shows that if w is a bounded weight structure on a triangulated category T that ha…
We firstly prove the completeness of the category of crossed modules in a modified category of interest. Afterwards, we define pullback crossed modules and pullback cat$^1$-objects that are both obtained by pullback diagrams with extra structures on certain arrows. These constructions unify many corresponding results for the cases of groups, commutative algebras and can also be adapted to various algebraic structures.
The complex numbers are an important part of quantum theory, but are difficult to motivate from a theoretical perspective. We describe a simple formal framework for theories of physics, and show that if a theory of physics presented in this manner satisfies certain completeness properties, then it necessarily includes the complex numbers as a mathematical ingredient. Central to our approach are the techniques of category theory, and we introduce a new category-theoretical tool, called the dagger-limit, which governs the way in which systems can be combined to form larger systems. These dagger-…
We develop and extend the theory of Mackey functors as an application of enriched category theory. We define Mackey functors on a lextensive category $\E$ and investigate the properties of the category of Mackey functors on $\E$. We show that it is a monoidal category and the monoids are Green functors. Mackey functors are seen as providing a setting in which mere numerical equations occurring in the theory of groups can be given a structural foundation. We obtain an explicit description of the objects of the Cauchy completion of a monoidal functor and apply this to examine Morita equivalence …
This paper is a rather informal guide to some of the basic theory of 2-categories and bicategories, including notions of limit and colimit, 2-dimensional universal algebra, formal category theory, and nerves of bicategories. As is the way of these things, the choice of topics is somewhat personal. No attempt is made at either rigour or completeness. Nor is it completely introductory: you will not find a definition of bicategory; but then nor will you really need one to read it. In keeping with the philosophy of category theory, the morphisms between bicategories play more of a role than the bi…
We prove general results about completeness of cotorsion theories and existence of covers and envelopes in locally presentable abelian categories, extending the well-established theory for module categories and Grothendieck categories. These results are then applied to the categories of contramodules over topological rings, which provide examples and counterexamples.
Every category $\mathcal K$ has a free completion $\mathcal P \mathcal K$ under colimits and a free completion $Σ\mathcal K$ under coproducts. A number of properties of $\mathcal K$ transfer to $\mathcal P \mathcal K$ and $Σ\mathcal K$ (e.g., completeness or cartesian closedness). We prove that $\mathcal P\mathcal K$ is always a pretopos, but, for $\mathcal K$ large, seldom a topos. Moreover, for complete categories $\mathcal K$ we prove that $\mathcal P\mathcal K$ is locally cartesian closed whenever $\mathcal K$ is additive or cartesian closed or dual to an extensive category. We also study …
We prove a rank-finiteness conjecture for modular categories: up to equivalence, there are only finitely many modular categories of any fixed rank. Our technical advance is a generalization of the Cauchy theorem in group theory to the context of spherical fusion categories. For a modular category $\mathcal{C}$ with $N=ord(T)$, the order of the modular $T$-matrix, the Cauchy theorem says that the set of primes dividing the global quantum dimension $D^2$ in the Dedekind domain $\mathbb{Z}[e^{\frac{2πi}{N}}]$ is identical to that of $N$.
For any small quantaloid $\Q$, there is a new quantaloid $\D(\Q)$ of diagonals in $\Q$. If $\Q$ is divisible then so is $\D(\Q)$ (and vice versa), and then it is particularly interesting to compare categories enriched in $\Q$ with categories enriched in $\D(\Q)$. Taking Lawvere's quantale of extended positive real numbers as base quantale, $\Q$-categories are generalised metric spaces, and $\D(\Q)$-categories are generalised partial metric spaces, i.e.\ metric spaces in which self-distance need not be zero and with a suitably modified triangular inequality. We show how every small quantaloid-e…
For a quantale $\V$, first a closure-theoretic approach to completeness and separation in $\V$-categories is presented. This approach is then generalized to $\Tth$-categories, where $\Tth$ is a topological theory that entails a set monad $\mT$ and a compatible $\mT$-algebra structure on $\V$.
In topological data science, categories with a flow have become ubiquitous, including as special cases examples like persistence modules and sheaves. With the flow comes an interleaving distance, which has proven useful for applications. We give simple, categorical conditions which guarantee metric completeness of a category with a flow, meaning that every Cauchy sequence has a limit. We also describe how to find a metric completion of a category with a flow by using its Yoneda embedding. The overarching goal of this work is to prepare the way for a theory of convergence of probability measure…
We show that some recent constructions in the literature, named `weak' generalizations, can be systematically treated by passing from 2-categories to categories enriched in the Cartesian monoidal category of Cauchy complete categories.
Univalence was first defined in the setting of homotopy type theory by Voevodsky, who also (along with Kapulkin and Lumsdaine) adapted it to a model categorical setting, which was subsequently generalized to locally Cartesian closed presentable $\infty$-categories by Gepner and Kock. These definitions were used to characterize various $\infty$-categories as models of type theories. We give a definition for univalent morphisms in finitely complete $\infty$-categories that generalizes the aforementioned definitions and completely focuses on the $\infty$-categorical aspects, characterizing it via…
Applying (enriched) categorical structures we define the notion of ordered sheaf on a quantaloid Q, which we call `Q-order'. This requires a theory of semicategories enriched in the quantaloid Q, that admit a suitable Cauchy completion. There is a quantaloid Idl(Q) of Q-orders and ideal relations, and a locally ordered category Ord(Q) of Q-orders and monotone maps; actually, Ord(Q)=Map(Idl(Q)). In particular is Ord(Omega), with Omega a locale, the category of ordered objects in the topos of sheaves on Omega. In general Q-orders can equivalently be described as Cauchy complete categories enrich…
The primary contribution of this paper is to give a formal, categorical treatment to Penrose's abstract tensor notation, in the context of traced symmetric monoidal categories. To do so, we introduce a typed, sum-free version of an abstract tensor system and demonstrate the construction of its associated category. We then show that the associated category of the free abstract tensor system is in fact the free traced symmetric monoidal category on a monoidal signature. A notable consequence of this result is a simple proof for the soundness and completeness of the diagrammatic language for trac…
The reflexive completion of a category consists of the Set-valued functors on it that are canonically isomorphic to their double conjugate. After reviewing both this construction and Isbell conjugacy itself, we give new examples and revisit Isbell's main results from 1960 in a modern categorical context. We establish the sense in which reflexive completion is functorial, and find conditions under which two categories have equivalent reflexive completions. We describe the relationship between the reflexive and Cauchy completions, determine exactly which limits and colimits exist in an arbitrary…
We develop aspects of functional analysis in an abstract axiomatic setting, through monoidal and enriched category theory. We work in a given closed category, whose objects we call spaces, and we study R-module objects therein (or algebras of a commutative monad), which we call linear spaces. Building on ideas of Lawvere and Kock, we study functionals on the space of scalar-valued maps, including compactly-supported Radon measures and Schwartz distributions. We develop an abstract theory of vector-valued integration with respect to these scalar functionals and their relatives. We study three a…
The importance of accessible categories has been widely recognized; they can be described as those freely generated in some precise sense by a small set of objects and, because of that, satisfy many good properties. More specifically finitely accessible categories can be characterized as: (a) free cocompletions of small categories under filtered colimits, and (b) categories of flat presheaves on some small category. The equivalence between (a) and (b) is what makes the theory so general and fruitful. Notions of enriched accessibility have also been considered in the literature for various base…
Chains of model structures arising from cotorsion pairs on extriangulated categories
School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology（浙江工业大学数学科学学院）；School of Science, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology（浙江科技大学理学院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University（浙江师范大学数学与计算机科学学院）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changsha University of Science and Technology（长沙理工大学数学与统计学院）
The category of internal coalgebras in a cocomplete category $\mathcal{C}$ with respect to a variety $\mathcal{V}$ is equivalent to the category of left adjoint functors from $\mathcal{V}$ into $\mathcal{C}$. This can be seen best when considering such coalgebras as finite coproduct preserving functors from $\mathcal{T}_\mathcal{V}^\mathsf{op}$, the dual of the Lawvere theory of $\mathcal{V}$, into $\mathcal{C}$: coalgebras are restrictions of left adjoints and any such left adjoint is the left Kan extension of a coalgebra along the embedding of $\mathcal{T}_\mathcal{V}^\mathsf{op}$ into $\mat…
We survey the basics of homological algebra in exact categories in the sense of Quillen. All diagram lemmas are proved directly from the axioms, notably the five lemma, the 3 x 3-lemma and the snake lemma. We briefly discuss exact functors, idempotent completion and weak idempotent completeness. We then show that it is possible to construct the derived category of an exact category without any embedding into abelian categories and we sketch Deligne's approach to derived functors. The construction of classical derived functors with values in an abelian category painlessly translates to exact ca…
In the context of categorical topology, more precisely that of T-categories [Hofmann, 2007], we define the notion of T-colimit as a particular colimit in a V-category. A complete and cocomplete V-category in which limits distribute over T-colimits, is to be thought of as the generalisation of a (co-)frame to this categorical level. We explain some ideas on a T-categorical version of "Stone duality", and show that Cauchy completeness of a T-category is precisely its sobriety.
We investigate what would be a correct definition of categorical completeness for C*-categories and propose several variants of such a definition that make the category of Hilbert modules over a C*-algebra a free (co)completion. We extend results about generators and comparison theory known for W*-categories with direct sums and splitting of symmetric projections to our "complete C*-categories" and we give an abstract characterization of categories of Hilbert modules over a C*-algebra or a C*-category as "complete C*-category having enough absolutely compact morphisms (and a generator)". We th…
We give a new syntax independent definition of the notion of a generalized algebraic theory as an initial object in a category of categories with families (cwfs) with extra structure. To this end we define inductively how to build a valid signature $Σ$ for a generalized algebraic theory and the associated category of cwfs with a $Σ$-structure and cwf-morphisms that preserve this structure on the nose. Our definition refers to uniform families of contexts, types, and terms, a purely semantic notion. Furthermore, we show how to syntactically construct initial cwfs with $Σ$-structures. This resul…
We study the central objects of symbolic dynamics, that is, subshifts and block maps, from the perspective of basic category theory, and present several natural categories with subshifts as objects and block maps as morphisms. Our main goals are to find universal objects in these symbolic categories, to classify their block maps based on their category theoretic properties, and to establish as many natural properties (finite completeness, regularity etc.) as possible. Existing definitions in category theory suggest interesting new problems for block maps. Our main technical contributions are t…
